Dr. Aubrey Lee Cartwright |
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Texas A&M University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Associate ProfessorAppointed: 1991 Texas A&M University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Poultry Science Extension SpecialistAppointed: 1991 |  |
Mailing AddressTexas A&M University 107 Kleberg Center TAMU 2472 College Station, Texas 77843-2472United States | Contact InformationPhone: (979) 845-4319 Fax: (979) 845-1921 Mobile: (979) 218-4016 a-cartwright@tamu.edu http://myprofile.cos.com/LeeCartwright |
Qualifications
M.B.A., Salisbury State University, Business Administration, 1991.
Ph.D., North Carolina State University, Nutrition, 1982.
M.S., North Carolina State University, Nutrition, 1979.
B.S., North Carolina State University, Animal Science, 1975.
Expertise and Research Interests
Research Interests:
Galactomannans, Beta-Mannanase and Intestinal Health -
Galactomannans have effects on the immune system and the microbiology of the gut. Our research examines the effects of complex sugars and sugar degrading enzymes on microbiology, toxin production and growth and development of chicks.
Nutritional growth factors and inhibitors including all nutroceuticals and antioxidants, and environmental and dietary toxins.Body composition control, obesity, adipose tissue cellularity, endocrinology, thyroid hormone, insulin, growth hormone, growth factors, cell culture, monoclonal antibodies, chicken, embryo development, complex carbohydrates, and intestinal health.
Upland game bird production and disease prevention
Research in our laboratory concerns factors that determine body size and body composition of growing animals and any of the nutrition physiology and biochemistry that form the basis of growth and body composition development. Investigations can include quantification of gene expression, hormone effects on tissue biochemistry, adipose tissue differentiation and profliferation, and exploration of factors that affect whole body characteristics. Examples include:
Fat Cell Reduction with Monoclonal Antibodies -
The major focus of our laboratory is destruction of fat cells in the embryonic chicken with monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to developing fat cells are used to mobilize the embyo's immunesystem against fat cells. Production of a leaner animal by commercially viable means is the ultimate objective of this project. Cell culture techniques, embyro culture, monoclonal antibody production, protien purification, and microsurgery techniques areused in these studies.
Animal Studies -
Growth and development of adipose tissue.
Control of adipose cell number and volume contributes to the fat mass and determines body composition of animals. Investigations are conducted with poultry and rodents during early growth to determine the cellular flexibility, and to describe physiologically controlled parameters. Vitamin and mineral requirements also are determined in some game bird species. Surgical, photoperiod, purified diet formulation, anddiet manipulations are techniques employed in these studies.
Hormone Studies and Tissue Biochemistry -
Thyroid hormone, growth hormone, insulin, leptin and insulin like-growth factor 1. Several hormones of metabolic and regulatory importance are assayed or manipulated to study their effects on growth and body composition. Other studies utilize tissue culture techniques to access effects of aging and hormonal influence on lipogenesis, second messenger systems, tissue responsiveness, and cell proliferation and differentiation. The possible role of melatonin in the photoperiod effect on cell proliferation in poultry is a new issue of importance.
Galactomannans, Beta-Mannanase and Intestinal Health -
Galactomannans have effects on the immune system and the microbiology of the gut. Our research examines the effects of complex sugars and sugar degrading enzymes on microbiology, toxin production and growth and development of chicks.
Nutritional growth factors and inhibitors including all nutroceuticals and antioxidants, and environmental and dietary toxins.Body composition control, obesity, adipose tissue cellularity, endocrinology, thyroid hormone, insulin, growth hormone, growth factors, cell culture, monoclonal antibodies, chicken, embryo development, complex carbohydrates, and intestinal health.
Upland game bird production and disease prevention
Research in our laboratory concerns factors that determine body size and body composition of growing animals and any of the nutrition physiology and biochemistry that form the basis of growth and body composition development. Investigations can include quantification of gene expression, hormone effects on tissue biochemistry, adipose tissue differentiation and profliferation, and exploration of factors that affect whole body characteristics. Examples include:
Fat Cell Reduction with Monoclonal Antibodies -
The major focus of our laboratory is destruction of fat cells in the embryonic chicken with monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies that specifically bind to developing fat cells are used to mobilize the embyo's immunesystem against fat cells. Production of a leaner animal by commercially viable means is the ultimate objective of this project. Cell culture techniques, embyro culture, monoclonal antibody production, protien purification, and microsurgery techniques areused in these studies.
Animal Studies -
Growth and development of adipose tissue.
Control of adipose cell number and volume contributes to the fat mass and determines body composition of animals. Investigations are conducted with poultry and rodents during early growth to determine the cellular flexibility, and to describe physiologically controlled parameters. Vitamin and mineral requirements also are determined in some game bird species. Surgical, photoperiod, purified diet formulation, anddiet manipulations are techniques employed in these studies.
Hormone Studies and Tissue Biochemistry -
Thyroid hormone, growth hormone, insulin, leptin and insulin like-growth factor 1. Several hormones of metabolic and regulatory importance are assayed or manipulated to study their effects on growth and body composition. Other studies utilize tissue culture techniques to access effects of aging and hormonal influence on lipogenesis, second messenger systems, tissue responsiveness, and cell proliferation and differentiation. The possible role of melatonin in the photoperiod effect on cell proliferation in poultry is a new issue of importance.
Other Expertise
General nutrition studies
Growth stimulators and inhibitors
Body composition control
Obesity
Adipose tissue cellularity
Endocrinology
Thyroid hormone
Insulin
Growth hormone
Growth factors
Cell culture
Monoclonal antibodies
Chicken
Upland Game bird production and diseases
Hunting preserve management
Embryo development
Radioassays
Protein purification
Growth stimulators and inhibitors
Body composition control
Obesity
Adipose tissue cellularity
Endocrinology
Thyroid hormone
Insulin
Growth hormone
Growth factors
Cell culture
Monoclonal antibodies
Chicken
Upland Game bird production and diseases
Hunting preserve management
Embryo development
Radioassays
Protein purification
Future Research
Dr. Cartwright has an active interest the development of growing animals. Specifically, he is interested in the accumulation of body mass, the development of body composition, and associated hormonal influences in broiler chickens. He has described the cellular characteristics of adipose tissue accumulation in chickens and examined the association of insulin responsiveness of tissue with lean body mass and obesity. He recently developed a series of monoclonal antibodies that can identify preadipocytesand can reduce adipose depot mass in the growing chicken. Upland game bird species growth and management.
His interests also include non-traditional nutrient sources and toxins. Nutrients affecting gastrointestinal health, microbial ecology and enteric toxins.
His interests also include non-traditional nutrient sources and toxins. Nutrients affecting gastrointestinal health, microbial ecology and enteric toxins.
Industrial Relevance
Issue:
Poultry is nearly a $2 billion industry for Texas. Of the 41 billion pounds of broiler chickens grown each year in the United States, more than 6 billion pounds is fat. This fat costs more than $0.20 per pound to deposit and maintain in the growing animal, is unappealing to consumers, and represents a worrisome, expensive byproduct for the poultry industry.
What has been done:
Antibodies have been developed that are specific against developing chicken fat cells. Injection of these antibodies into eggs during incubation or into newly hatched chicks significantly reduces fat in the abdominal region of chickens by 23 percent to 40 percent. Although this is the main fat storage site, techniques for targeting other fat locations in the bird are being studied. This technology may be targeted at specific fat locations in the chicken's body.
Impact:
If half of the abdominal fat in broiler chickens could be reduced, nearly 400 million pounds of fat would be eliminated. This translates to an $80 million savings to the U.S. poultry industry. Eliminating half of all broiler chicken body fat would have an economic impact of more than $600 million per year. Additionally, reducing fat in breeder chickens can improve health, dietary regimes, and fertility.
Upland game bird production and the hunting preserve industry is a $5 billion industry. Support of this industry improves the environment, protects native species from over hunting, and provides income for non-urban communities.
Poultry is nearly a $2 billion industry for Texas. Of the 41 billion pounds of broiler chickens grown each year in the United States, more than 6 billion pounds is fat. This fat costs more than $0.20 per pound to deposit and maintain in the growing animal, is unappealing to consumers, and represents a worrisome, expensive byproduct for the poultry industry.
What has been done:
Antibodies have been developed that are specific against developing chicken fat cells. Injection of these antibodies into eggs during incubation or into newly hatched chicks significantly reduces fat in the abdominal region of chickens by 23 percent to 40 percent. Although this is the main fat storage site, techniques for targeting other fat locations in the bird are being studied. This technology may be targeted at specific fat locations in the chicken's body.
Impact:
If half of the abdominal fat in broiler chickens could be reduced, nearly 400 million pounds of fat would be eliminated. This translates to an $80 million savings to the U.S. poultry industry. Eliminating half of all broiler chicken body fat would have an economic impact of more than $600 million per year. Additionally, reducing fat in breeder chickens can improve health, dietary regimes, and fertility.
Upland game bird production and the hunting preserve industry is a $5 billion industry. Support of this industry improves the environment, protects native species from over hunting, and provides income for non-urban communities.
Keywords
COS Keywords:
Agriculture, Animal Science, Antibodies, Biochemistry, Body Composition, Business Administration, Cell Culture, Endocrinology, Gene Expression, Growth Factors, Growth Hormone, Insulin, Life Sciences, Monoclonal Antibodies, Nutrition or Dietetics, Obesity, Poultry Science.Additional Terms:
Adipose, Body Composition, Cell Culture, Cell Number, Cell Volume, Cellularity, Chicken, Embryo, Hunting, In Ovo, In Vitro, In Vivo, Monoclonal Antibody, Partridge, Pheasant, Quail, Toxins, Unpland Game Bird.Languages
(Reading, Writing, Speaking)
English: (Fluent, Fluent, Fluent)
Memberships
American Registry of Professional Animal Scientists
American Society for Microbiology
American Society for Nutritional Sciences
American Society of Animal Science
Council for Agricultural Science and Technology
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
Gamma Sigma Delta
North American Gamebird Association
Phi Kappa Phi
Poultry Science Association
Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society
Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
Texas Game Bird Association
Texas Poultry Association
Worlds Poultry Science Association
Honors and Awards
2001, Broiler Research Award,
Poultry Science Association,
Distinctive research work that has a strong economic impact on the broiler industry.
2000, Leadership Extension Program,
Texas Agricultural Extension Service,
Texas A&M University Systen,
Leadership Development
1993, Outstanding Paper of the Year,
Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture,
Research Publication
1989, Merit Award for Outstanding Performance,
Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture,
Research Leadership
1987, North Atlantic Area Equal Employment Opportunity Award,
Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture
1986, Merit Award for Outstanding Performance,
Agricultural Research Service,
United States Department of Agriculture,
Acting Research Leader
Previous Positions
1984-1991, Research Leader,
Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
1984-1991, Location Coordinator,
Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
Patents
Methods and Compositions for Reducing Fat Accretion,
Patent Number: 4210.001190,
2000,
Institution-owned,
United States of America.
Funding Received
- U.S.-Egypt Joint Science and Technology Board: Improvement of Reproductive Performance in Male and Female Ostrich, $46,000, Jan 2002 to Jan 2004.
- Rhodia, Inc.: Guar meal value enhancement: Characterization of guar protein quality and availability, $26,434, Aug 1, 2000 to Jul 31, 2002.
- APHIS: Avian Influenza Texas NPIP Monitoring Programfor Game Birds, $108,000, 2006 to 2007.
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): Economic Improvement of Quail Production in the U.S. and Egypt, $60,000, 2005 to 2007.
- Chemgen Corporation: Complex sugars and intestinal viscosity, $2,000, 2001 to .
- Rhodia, Inc.: Nutrient value of guar meal, $5,000, 1999 to 2000.
- Euribrid Incorporated: Growth and genetic potential of genetic lines of chickens, $18,688, 1996 to 1997.
- US Poultry and Egg Association: Use of monoclonal antibodies to reduce adiposity of chickens, $38,000, 1996 to 1999.
- Finnfeeds International: Enzymes and availability of nutrients in feeds, $15,000, 1996 to 1997.
- Embrex Inc.: Growth factors and chick embryo development, $43,000, 1992 to 1993.
Publications
- Lee, J.T., C.A. Bailey, A.L. Cartwright (2008) In Vitro Viscosity as a Function of Guar Meal and beta-Mannanase Content of Feeds, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, (submitted), Submitted
- Hassan, Sherif M., Eid A. Moussa, Aubrey L. Cartwright (2008) Anatomical and scanning electron microscopic studies on the tongue of the adult Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus)., Journal of Avian Biology, Submitted
- Gutierrez, O., C. Zhang, D. J. Caldwell, J. B. Carey, A. L. Cartwright, C. A. Bailey (2008) Guar Meal Diets as an Alternative Approach to Inducing Molt and Improving Salmonella Enteritidis Resistance in Late-Phase Laying Hens, Poultry Science, 87, 536-540
- O. Gutierrez, A. L. Cartwright, C. A. Bailey (2007) Effects of diet preconditioning on the true metabolizable energy of guar meal, Poultry Science, In Press
- Hassan, S. M., J. A. Byrd, A. M. Berhow, C. A. Bailey, A. L. Cartwright (2007) Saponin rich extracts from quillaja, yucca, soybean, and guar differ in antimicrobial and hemolytic activities, Poultry Science, 86 (abstract)
- Hassan, S.M., O. Gutierrez, A. Haq, J. A. Byrd, C. A. Bailey, A. L. Cartwright (2007) Hemolytic and antimicrobial activity of guar meal extracts, Poultry Science, 6, In Press
- Gutierrez, O., C. Zhang, A. L. Cartwright, J. B. Carey, C. A. Bailey (2007) Use of Guar By-Products in High Production Laying Hen Diets, Poultry Science, 86, 1115-1120
- S.M. Hassan, A.A. Siam, M.E. Mady, A.L. Cartwright (2005) Egg Storage Period and Weight Effects on Hatchability of Ostrich (Struthio camelus) Eggs, Poultry Science, 84, 1908-1912
- Lee, JT, S Connor-Appleton, CA Bailey, AL Cartwright (2005) Effects of guar meal by-product with and without beta-mannanase Hemicell on broiler performance, Poultry Science, 84, 1261-1267
- Lee, J. T., S.E. Tichy, C.A. Bailey, A.L. Cartwright, D. J. Caldwell, Reduction of Salmonella typhimurium (ST) yeast agglutination and intestinal colonization in broilers by galactose or mannose liberated from guar gum, Poultry Science, 2004
- Zhang, C., J.B. Carey, A.L. Cartwright, C.A. Bailey, Application of guar hull by-product as a full-fed molting supplement, Poultry Science, 83(Abstract submitted), 26 Jul 2004
- Cartwright, A.L., A. Haq, J.T. Lee, C. Zhang, S. Conner-Appleton, C.A. Bailey, Guar and guar meals: Negligible trypsin inhibitor activity and manageable viscosity with galactomannanase, World's Poultry Congress, Proceedings, 60, (accepted), 8 Jun 2004
- Sams, A.R, A. L. Cartwright, Profitability and competitiveness through efficiency, World's Poultry Congress, Proceedings, 60(Abstract accepted 20), 8 May 2004
- Hassan, S.M., A.A. Siam, M.E. Mady, A.L. Cartwright (8 Jun 2004) Incubation temperature for ostrich (Struthio camelus)eggs, World's Poultry Science Congress, Proceedings
- Hassan, S.M., A. A. Siam, M.E. Mady, A.L. Cartwright, Incubation temperature for ostrich (Struthio camelus) eggs, Poultry Science, 83, 495-499, 2004
- Lee, J.T., S. Conner-Appleton, A. Haq, C.A. Bailey, A.L. Cartwright, Quantitative measurement of negligible trypsin inhibitor activity and nutrient analysis of guar meal fractions, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003
- Lee, J.T., C.A. Bailey, A.L. Cartwright, Guar Meal Germ and Hull Fractions Differently Affect Growth Performance and Intestinal Viscosity of Broiler Chickens, Poultry Science, 82, 1589-1595, 2003
- Hassan, S.M., M.E. Mady, A.L. Cartwright, H.M. Sabri, M. S. Mobarak, Effect of Feeding Time on the Reproductive Performance of Japanese Quail, Poultry Science, 82, 1188-1192, 2003
- Hassan, S.M., M.E. Mady, A.L. Cartwright, H.M. Sabri, M.S. Mobarak, Effect of Early Feed Restriction on Reproductive Performance in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), Poultry Science, 82, 1163-1169, 2003
- Hassan, S.M., M.E. Mady, A.L. Cartwright, H.M. Sabri, M.S. Mobarak, Effect of Acetyl Salicylic Acid in Drinking Water on Reproductive Performance of Japanese Quail, Poultry Science, 82, 1174-1180, 2003
- Zhang, C., J.T. Lee, N. Surbakti, A.L. Cartwright, C.A. Bailey, Guar meal in laying hen diets, Poultry Science, 82(Abstract In Press), 2003
- Lee, J.T., C.A. Bailey, A.L. Cartwright, Beta-mannanase ameliorates viscosity-associated depression of growth in broiler chickens fed guar germ and hull fractions, Poultry Science, 82, 1925-1931, 2003
- Wu Y.J, Wright J.T, Young C.R, Cartwright A.L., Inhibition of chicken adipocyte differentiation by in vitro exposure to monoclonal antibodies against embryonic chicken adipocyte plasma membranes, Poultry Science, 79(6), 892-900, June 2000
- Cartwright, AL, YJ Wu, M, Valdez-Corcoran, Anitbodies in Ovo or in Vivo Reduce Abdominal Fat in Chickens, ANECA Proceedings, XXV, 60-63, May 2000
- Cartwright, AL, YJ Wu, M, Valdez-Corcoran, Antibodies may alter feed intake and body fat, Maryland Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers Proceedings, 47th, 111-119, 22 Mar 2000
- Cartwright, A.L., YJ Wu, JT Wright, Abdominal fat pad mass reduction by chicken embryo exposure to anti-adipocyte monoclonal anibodies, FASEB Journal, 14(4), A733, March 2000
- Wu, YJ, M Valdez-Corcoran, JT Wright, Abdominal fat pad mass reduction by in ovo administration of anti-adipocyte monoclonal antibodies in chickens, Poultry Science, 79, 1640-1644, 2000
- Wu, YJ, M. Valdez-Corcoran, JT Wright, AL Cartwright (2000) Abdominal fat pad mass reduction by in ovo administration of anti-adipocyte monoclonal antibodies in chickens, Poultry Science, 79, 1640-1644
- Barbato, GF, R Vasilatos-Younken, AL, Cartwright, Physiological genetics of abdominal fat desposition in chickens, Growth, Development, and Aging, 60, 1997
- Apter RC, MM Vogelsang, AL Cartwright, PG Gibbs, GD Potter, SB Smith, Serum cholesterol profiles in postpartum and early gestational mares fed a fat supplemented diet, ENPS Proceedings, 1995
- Cartwright A.L., Food intake regulation in poultry: neuropeptides, circulating factors and genetics, Journal of Nutrition, 124(8 Suppl), 1340S, August 1994
- Foglia T.A, Cartwright A.L, Gyurik R.J, Philips J.G., Fatty acid turnover rates in the adipose tissues of the growing chicken (Gallus domesticus), Lipids, 29(7), 497-502, July 1994
- Bianchi, A, SC Ricke, AL Cartwright, FA Gardner, A peroxidase catalyzed chemical dip for the reduction of Salmonella on chicken breast skin, Journal of Food Protection, 57, 301-04 & 326, 1994
- Laurin D.E, Cartwright A.L., Factors affecting insulin responsiveness of triglyceride synthesis in incubated chicken hepatocytes, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 202(4), 476-81, April 1993
- Borbolla, G, AL Cartwright, PS Hargis, Efecto de la manipulacion del estatus estrogenico sobre la adiposidad del pollo de engorda, XVII Convencion Nacional Aneca, 27-32, 1993
- Newcombe M, Cartwright A.L, Harter-Dennis J.M., The effect of increasing photoperiod and food restriction in sexed broiler-type birds. I. Growth and abdominal fat cellularity, British Poultry Science, 33(2), 415-25, May 1992
- Newcombe M, Cartwright A.L, Harter-Dennis J.M, McMurtry J.P., The effect of increasing photoperiod and food restriction in sexed, broiler-type birds. II. Plasma thyroxine, triiodothyronine, insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin, British Poultry Science, 33(2), 427-35, May 1992
- Cartwright A.L., Adipose cellularity in Gallus domesticus: investigations to control body composition in growing chickens, Journal of Nutrition, 121(9), 1486-97, September 1991
- Cupo M.A, Cartwright A.L., The effect of feather meal on carcass composition and fat pad cellularity in broilers: Influence of the calorie:protein ratio of the diet, Poultry Science, 70, 153-159, 1991
- Brown E.M, Bryson D.E, Cartwright A.L, Foglia T.A., Plasma lipoprotein profiles in broiler chicks (Gallus domesticus): effects of early overfeeding, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A: Comparative Physiology, 96(4), 511-5, 1990
- Merkley J.W, Cartwright A.L., Adipose tissue deposition and cellularity in cimaterol-treated female broilers, Poultry Science, 68(6), 762-70, June 1989
- Cupo M.A, Cartwright A.L., Lipid synthesis and lipoprotein secretion by chick liver cells in culture: influence of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B: Comparative Biochemistry, 94(2), 355-60, 1989
- Cartwright A.L, Marks H.L, Campion D.R., Adipose cellularity in nonselected and selected broiler stocks: measurements at equal weights and ages, Poultry Science, 67(9), 1338-44, September 1988
- Cartwright AL, TA Foglla, PD Vail, JC Phillips, Rates of depletion of isopentadecanoic acid from abdominal adipose tissue in the growing chicken, Eighteenth World's Poultry Congress Proceedings, 1044-1047, 1988
- McMurtry, JP, RW Rosebrough, I Plavnik, AL Cartwright, GL Steffens and TS Rumsey, eds., Influence of early plane of nutrition on enzyme systems and subsequent tissue desposition, Proceedings of the Beltsbville Symposium in Agricultural Research XII, Biomechanisms Regulating Growth, 329-341, 1988
- Cartwright A.L., Determination of adipose tissue cellularity, The Biology of the Adipocyte (GJ Hausman and RJ Martin, ed.), 229-254, 1987
- Cartwright A.L, Leatherwood J.M, Eisen E.J., Insulin responsiveness of diaphragm tissue and adipose cellularity in mice selected for rapid growth, Growth, 50(2), 155-68, Summer 1986
- Cartwright A.L, Marks H.L, Campion D.R., Adipose tissue cellularity and growth characteristics of unselected and selected broilers: implications for the development of body fat, Poultry Science, 65(6), 1021-7, June 1986
- McCusker R.H, Campion D.R, Cartwright A.L., Effect of growth hormone-secreting tumors on adipose tissue cellularity in young and mature rats, Growth, 50(1), 128-37, Spring 1986
- Eisen E.J, Cartwright A.L, Weller K.M, Smith K.J., Rates of depletion of linoleic acid from fat depots of selected lines of mice differing in growth rate and adiposity, Lipids, 17(3), 136-48, March 1982
- Cartwright A.L, Leatherwood J.M, Eisen E.J., Thyroid hormones and efficiency of energy utilization in mice selected for body weight, Journal of Nutrition, 110(6), 1262-73, June 1980
Profile Details
Last Updated: 3/31/2008
COS Expertise ID #102904
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