Alan A. Artru

powered by
COS Expertise®
University of Washington
School of Medicine
Anesthesiology
ProfessorAppointed: 1989

Mailing Address

Box 356540
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington 98195
United States

Contact Information

Phone: (206) 598-4260
Fax: (206) 543-2958
artruaa@u.washington.edu

Qualifications

M.D., Medical College of Wisconsin, 1975.

Expertise and Research Interests

My research concentrates on four areas. The first is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics. One aspect of my research in this area in determination of drug and anesthetic effects on the rate of formation of CSF and resistance to reabsorption of CSF. The technique used for these studies is ventriculocisternal perfusion. A second aspect of my research in this area is determination of drug and anesthetic effects on CSF volume-pressure relationships. The technique used for these studies is determination of intracranial compliance, pressure volume index, volume pressure response and indices of CSF pressure "relaxation" following increase of CSF pressure by injection of small volumes of mock CSF into a cerebral ventricle or the cisterna magna.

The second area of my research is determination of mechanisms and rates of movement of antiepileptic drugs between blood, CSF and brain. The techniques used for these studies are dual intravenous and intracerebroventricular infusion of radio-labelled and unlabeled antiepileptic, tracer, and "pathway-blocking" drugs and chemicals, and microdialysis.

The third area of my research is determination of chemical changes in the brain associated with panic response and with autism. The technique used for these studies is magnetic resonance imaging of the brain during intravenous infusion of lactate (a trigger of panic response in susceptible patients) during hyper- or normoventilation in treated or untreated panic-susceptible or nonsusceptible patients, and during profol-induced sedation in autisitc patients.

The fourth area of my research is the cerebral circulation. One aspect of my research in this area is determination of drug and anesthetic effects on cerebral blood flow. The techniques used for these studies are direct measurement of sagittal sinus flow in animals or transcutaneous doppler measurement of cerebral blood flow velocity in patients or animals. The second aspect of my research in this area is determination of drug and anesthetic effects on cerebral blood volume. The technique used for these studies is continuous, real time determination of cerebral plasma volume using a collimated scintillation probe to measure radiolabeled albumin concentrations in the intracranial circulation.

Other Expertise

Anesthesiology Residency, University of California, San Francisco, 1978;Neuroanesthesia Fellowship, Mayo Clinic and Medical School, 1980Highest honors upon graduation, University of California, Santa Cruz;Second Place, Basic Science Category, Midwest Anesthesia Resident Conference;Listed in American Men and Women of Science, American Board of Subspecialties, and The Best Doctors in America1993-present, Reviewer for Collaboration in Basic Science and Engineering, National Research Council

Keywords

COS Keywords:

Anesthesiology, Behavioral Biology, Mental Health, Neurology, Psychiatry, Stress.

Additional Terms:

Behavioral Biology, Mental Health, Mental Illness, Psychiatry, Stress.

Previous Positions

1984-1989, Associate Professor, University of Washington, School of Medicine
1980-1984, Assistant Professor, University of Washington, School of Medicine
1979-1980, Mayo Medical School, Assistant Consultant\

Funding Received

  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Grant HD35465 (Neuroimaging of autism), $50,000, 1997 to 2002.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Grant NS30738 (CNS delivery of alkanoate antiepileptics), $85,200, 1997 to 2001.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Grant MH5059 (MRS investigation of lactate induced panic), $105,716, 1994 to 1997.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Grant NS30738 (CNS delivery of alkanoate antiepileptics), $158,070, 1992 to 1996.
  • (Control of intracranial presure during anesthesia): Grant GM33006, $160,000, 1983 to 1985.

Publications

  • Artru AA, Momota T, Rate of CSF formation and resistance to reabsorption of CSF during sevoflurane or remifentanil in rabbits., Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, 12(1), 37-43, 2000 Abstract
  • Artru AA, Momota Y, Trabecular outflow facility and formation rate of aqueous humor during anesthesia with sevoflurane-nitrous oxide or sevoflurane-remifentanil in rabbits., Anesthesia and Analgesia, 88(4), 781-6, April 1999 Abstract
  • Dager SR, Layton ME, Strauss W, Richards TL, Heide A, Friedman SD, Artru AA, Hayes CE, Posse S, Human brain metabolic response to caffeine and the effects of tolerance., American Journal of Psychiatry, 156(2), 229-37, February 1999 Abstract
  • Dager SR, Friedman SD, Heide A, Layton ME, Richards T, Artru A, Strauss W, Hayes C, Posse S, Two-dimensional proton echo-planar spectroscopic imaging of brain metabolic changes during lactate-induced panic., Archives of General Psychiatry, 56(1), 70-7, Jan 1999 Abstract
  • Momota Y, Artru AA, Powers KM, Mautz DS, Ueda Y, Posttreatment with propofol terminates lidocaine-induced epileptiform electroencephalogram activity in rabbits: effects on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics., Anesthesia and Analgesia, 87(4), 900-6, October 1998 Abstract
  • Talmor D, Roytblat L, Artru A A, Yuri O, Koyfman L, Katchko L, Shapira Y, Phenylephrine-induced hypertension does not improve outcome after closed head trauma in rats., Anesthesia and Analgesia, 87(3), 574-8, September 1998 Abstract
  • Gurevich B, Artru A A, Lam A M, Mueller A L, Merkind V, Talmor D, Katchko L, Shapira Y, Neuroprotective effects of NPS 846, a novel N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, after closed head trauma in rats., Journal of Neurosurgery, 88(6), 1066-74, June 1998 Abstract
  • Talmor D, Shapira Y, Artru A A, Gurevich B, Merkind V, Katchko L, Reichenthal E, 0.45% saline and 5% dextrose in water, but not 0.9% saline or 5% dextrose in 0.9% saline, worsen brain edema two hours after closed head trauma in rats., Anesthesia and Analgesia, 86(6), 1225-9, June 1998 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Talmor D, Artru A A, Rubin M, Holkuvski A, Merkind V, Kaplanski J, Effects of closed head trauma and lipopolysaccharide on body temperature, brain tissue water content, and PGE2 production in rats., Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, 10(2), 94-100, April 1998 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Artru A A, Hypothermia to improve neurologic outcome after head injury in patients [letter], Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, 10(1), 55-6, Jan 1998 Abstract
  • Dager S R, Richards T, Strauss W, Artru A, Single-voxel 1H-MRS investigation of brain metabolic changes during lactate-induced panic., Psychiatry Research, 76(2-3), 89-99, 30 Dec 1997 Abstract
  • Scism J L, Powers K M, Artru A A, Chambers A C, Lewis L, Adkison K K, Kalhorn T F, Shen D D, Effects of probenecid on brain-cerebrospinal fluid-blood distribution kinetics of E-Delta 2-valproic acid in rabbits., Drug Metabolism and Disposition: The Biological Fate of Chemicals, 25(12), 1337-46, December 1997 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Gurman G, Artru A A, Ousyscher I E, Lam A M, Kollender Y, Meller I, Combined hemodilution and hypotension monitored with jugular bulb oxygen saturation, EEG, and ECG decreases transfusion volume and length of ICU stay for major orthopedic surgery., Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 9(8), 643-9, December 1997 Abstract
  • Feldman Z, Gurevitch B, Artru A A, Shapira Y, Reichenthal E, Neurologic outcome with hemorrhagic hypotension after closed head trauma in rats: effect of early versus delayed conservative fluid therapy., Journal of Trauma, 43(4), 667-72, October 1997 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Lam A M, Johnson J O, Sperry R J, Intracranial pressure, middle cerebral artery flow velocity, and plasma inorganic fluoride concentrations in neurosurgical patients receiving sevoflurane or isoflurane., Anesthesia and Analgesia, 85(3), 587-92, September 1997 Abstract
  • Kharasch E D, Frink E J Jr, Zager R, Bowdle T A, Artru A, Nogami W M, Assessment of low-flow sevoflurane and isoflurane effects on renal function using sensitive markers of tubular toxicity [see comments], Anesthesiology, 86(6), 1238-53, June 1997 Abstract
  • Posse S, Dager S R, Richards T L, Yuan C, Ogg R, Artru A A, Muller-Gartner H W, Hayes C, In vivo measurement of regional brain metabolic response to hyperventilation using magnetic resonance: proton echo planar spectroscopic imaging (PEPSI)., Magnetic Resonance In Medicine, 37(6), 858-65, June 1997 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Lam A M, Paez A, Artru A A, Laohaprasit V, Donato T, The influence of acute and chronic alcohol treatment on brain edema, cerebral infarct volume and neurological outcome following experimental head trauma in rats., Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, 9(2), 118-27, April 1997 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Powers K M, Furosemide decreases cerebrospinal fluid formation during desflurane anesthesia in rabbits., Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, 9(2), 166-74, April 1997 Abstract
  • Gurevich B, Talmor D, Artru A A, Katcko L, Geva D, Gurman G, Shapira Y, Brain edema, hemorrhagic necrosis volume, and neurological status with rapid infusion of 0.45% saline or 5% dextrose in 0.9% saline after closed head trauma in rats., Anesthesia and Analgesia, 84(3), 554-9, March 1997 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Gurevich B, Artru A A, Lam A M, Israel E, Zachari S, Gurman G, Feldman Z, Influence of closed head injury on isoflurane MAC in the rat., Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, 9(1), 51-7, January 1997 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Bernards C M, Mautz D S, Powers K M, Intravenous lidocaine decreases but cocaine does not alter the rate of cerebrospinal fluid formation in anesthetized rabbits., Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, 9(1), 31-43, January 1997 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Talmor D, Artru A A, Lam A M, Resident education and unreviewed material [letter] [see comments], Anesthesia and Analgesia, 83(4), 886, October 1996 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Artru A A, Lam A M, Changes in intracranial pressure associated with apneumic retractors [letter; comment], Archives of Surgery, 131(10), 1116, October 1996 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Artru A A, Decreased cerebrospinal fluid pressure with mannitol and hypocapnia [letter; comment], Anesthesia and Analgesia, 83(3), 662-3, September 1996 Abstract
  • Feldman Z, Gurevitch B, Artru A A, Oppenheim A, Shohami E, Reichenthal E, Shapira Y, Effect of magnesium given 1 hour after head trauma on brain edema and neurological outcome., Journal of Neurosurgery, 85(1), 131-7, July 1996 Abstract
  • Adkison K D, Powers K M, Artru A A, Shen D D, Effect of para-aminohippurate on the efflux of valproic acid from the central nervous system of the rabbit., Epilepsy Research, 23(2), 95-104, March 1996 Abstract
  • Feldman Z, Zachari S, Reichenthal E, Artru A A, Shapira Y, Brain edema and neurological status with rapid infusion of lactated Ringer's or 5% dextrose solution following head trauma., Journal of Neurosurgery, 83(6), 1060-6, December 1995 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Rate of anterior chamber aqueous formation, trabecular outflow facility, and intraocular compliance during desflurane or halothane anesthesia in dogs., Anesthesia and Analgesia, 81(3), 585-90, September 1995 Abstract
  • Dager S R, Yim J B, Khalil G E, Artru A A, Bowden D M, Kenny M A, Application of a novel fiber-optic biosensor in situ to investigate the metabolic effect of lactate infusion., Neuropsychopharmacology, 12(4), 307-13, July 1995 Abstract
  • Kharasch E D, Armstrong A S, Gunn K, Artru A, Cox K, Karol M D, Clinical sevoflurane metabolism and disposition. II. The role of cytochrome P450 2E1 in fluoride and hexafluoroisopropanol formation., Anesthesiology, 82(6), 1379-88, June 1995 Abstract
  • Feldman Z, Reichenthal E, Zachari Z, Shapira Y, Artru A A, Mannitol, intracranial pressure and vasogenic edema [letter; comment], Neurosurgery, 36(6), 1236-7, June 1995 Abstract
  • Dager S R, Strauss W L, Marro K I, Richards T L, Metzger G D, Artru A A, Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigation of hyperventilation in subjects with panic disorder and comparison subjects., American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(5), 666-72, May 1995 Abstract
  • Adkison K D, Artru A A, Powers K M, Nochlin D, Shen D D, Role of choroid plexus epithelium in the removal of valproic acid from the central nervous system., Epilepsy Research, 20(3), 185-92, March 1995 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Artru A A, Qassam N, Navot N, Vald U, Brain edema and neurologic status with rapid infusion of 0.9% saline or 5% dextrose after head trauma., Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, 7(1), 17-25, January 1995 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Feldman Z, Artru A A, Does CVP influence ICP after brain injury? [letter; comment], Journal of Neurosurgery, 81(6), 963-5, December 1994 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Placement of a multiorificed catheter in the inferior portion of the right atrium; percentage of gas retrieved and success rate of resuscitation after venous air embolism in prone dogs positioned with, Anesthesia and Analgesia, 79(4), 740-4, October 1994 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Intracranial volume/pressure relationship during desflurane anesthesia in dogs: comparison with isoflurane and thiopental/halothane., Anesthesia and Analgesia, 79(4), 751-60, October 1994 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Powers K, Doepfner P, CSF, sagittal sinus, and jugular venous pressures during desflurane or isoflurane anesthesia in dogs [see comments], Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, 6(4), 239-48, October 1994 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Adkinson K D, Powers K M, Shen D D, Clearance of valproic acid from cerebrospinal fluid in anesthetized rabbit., Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, 6(3), 193-200, July 1994 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Trabecular outflow facility and formation rate of aqueous humor during intravenous cocaine or lidocaine in rabbits., Anesthesia and Analgesia, 78(5), 889-96, May 1994 Abstract
  • Adkison K D, Artru A A, Powers K M, Shen D D, Contribution of probenecid-sensitive anion transport processes at the brain capillary endothelium and choroid plexus to the efficient efflux of valproic acid from the central nervous system., Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 268(2), 797-805, February 1994 Abstract
  • Donato T, Shapira Y, Artru A, Powers K, Effect of mannitol on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and brain tissue edema., Anesthesia and Analgesia, 78(1), 58-66, January 1994 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Lam A M, Artru A A, Eng C, Soltow L, Ketamine alters calcium and magnesium in brain tissue following experimental head trauma in rats., Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, 13(6), 962-8, November 1993 Abstract
  • Dager S R, Kenny M A, Artru A A, Metzger G D, Bowden D M, Rainey J M, Effects of sodium lactate infusion on cisternal lactate and carbon dioxide levels [letter; comment], American Journal of Psychiatry, 150(10), 1568, October 1993 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Propofol combined with halothane or with fentanyl/halothane does not alter the rate of CSF formation or resistance to reabsorption of CSF in rabbits., Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, 5(4), 250-7, October 1993 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Trabecular outflow facility and formation rate of aqueous humor during propofol, nitrous oxide, and halothane anesthesia in rabbits., Anesthesia and Analgesia, 77(3), 564-9, September 1993 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Setton D, Artru A A, Shohami E, Blood-brain barrier permeability, cerebral edema, and neurologic function after closed head injury in rats., Anesthesia and Analgesia, 77(1), 141-8, July 1993 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Rate of cerebrospinal fluid formation, resistance to reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid, brain tissue water content, and electroencephalogram during desflurane anesthesia in dogs., Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology, 5(3), 178-86, July 1993 Abstract
  • Bernards C M, Artru A A, Effect of intracerebroventricular picrotoxin and muscimol on intravenous bupivacaine toxicity. Evidence supporting central nervous system involvement in bupivacaine cardiovascular toxicity., Anesthesiology, 78(5), 902-10, May 1993 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Venous air embolism in prone dogs positioned with the abdomen hanging freely: percentage of gas retrieved and success rate of resuscitation., Anesthesia and Analgesia, 75(5), 715-9, November 1992 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Modification of a new catheter for air retrieval and resuscitation from lethal venous air embolism: effect of nitrous oxide on air retrieval., Anesthesia and Analgesia, 75(2), 226-31, August 1992 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Artru A A, Yadid G, Shohami E, Methylprednisolone does not decrease eicosanoid concentrations or edema in brain tissue or improve neurologic outcome after head trauma in rats [see comments], Anesthesia and Analgesia, 75(2), 238-44, August 1992 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Artru A A, Cotev S, Muggia-Sulam M, Freund H R, Brain edema and neurologic status following head trauma in the rat. No effect from large volumes of isotonic or hypertonic intravenous fluids, with or without glucose., Anesthesiology, 77(1), 79-85, July 1992 Abstract
  • Shapira Y, Artru A A, Lam A M, Changes in the rate of formation and resistance to reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid during deliberate hypotension induced with adenosine or hemorrhage., Anesthesiology, 76(3), 432-9, March 1992 Abstract
  • Marathe P H, Shen D D, Artru A A, Bowdle T A, Effect of serum protein binding on the entry of lidocaine into brain and cerebrospinal fluid in dogs [see comments], Anesthesiology, 75(5), 804-12, November 1991 Abstract
  • Artru A A, Intraocular pressure in anaesthetized dogs given flumazenil with and without prior administration of midazolam., Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia, 38(3), 408-14, April 1991 Abstract
  • Dager S R, Rainey J M, Kenny M A, Artru A A, Metzger G D, Bowden D M, Central nervous system effects of lactate infusion in primates., Biological Psychiatry, 27(2), 193-204, 15 Jan 1990 Abstract
  • Artru A A, The rate of CSF formation, resistance to reabsorption of CSF, and aperiodic analysis of the EEG following administration of flumazenil to dogs., Anesthesiology, 72(1), 111-7, January 1990 Abstract
  • Adkinson, K.D.K., Artru, A.A., Powers, K.M. and Shen, D.D.: Contribution of probenecid-sensitive anion transport processes at the brain capillary endothelium and choroid plexus to the efficient efflux of valproic acid from the central nervous system. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 268:797-805, 1994
  • Donato, T., Shapira, Y., Artru, A.A. and Powers, K.: Effect of mannitol on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and brain tissue edema. Anesth. Analg. 78:58-66, 1994
  • Shapira, Y., Lam, A.M., Artru, A.A. and Eng, C.: Ketamine alters calcium and magnesium in brain tissue following experimental head trauma in rats. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 13:962-968, 1993
  • Dager, S.R., Kenny, M.A., Artru, A.A., Metzger, G.D., Bowden, D.M. and Rainey, J.M.: Effects of sodium lactate infusion on cisternal lactate and carbon dioxide levels. Am. J. Psychiatry 150:1568, 1993
  • Artru, A.A.: Trabecular outflow facility and formation rate of aqueous humor during propofol anesthesia in rabbits. Anesth. Analg. 77:564-569, 1993

Profile Details

Last Verified: 6/24/2007

COS Expertise ID #307274
Reference this profile directly: http://myprofile.cos.com/artrua74