Theodore H. Bullock

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University of California, San Diego
School of Medicine
Neurosciences
Professor EmeritusAppointed: 1966
Professional Headshot of Theodore H. Bullock

Mailing Address

9500 Gilman Drive
La Jolla, California 92093-0240
United States

Contact Information

Phone: (858) 534-3637
Fax: (858) 534-3919
tbullock@ucsd.edu

Qualifications

Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, Zoology, 1940.
A.B., University of California, Berkeley, Zoology, 1936.

Expertise and Research Interests

Basic neurophysiology of nerve cells and organized groups of them from system, communication and integrative points of view; coding; recognition; modes of interaction; spontaneous activity; origin of pattern; comparative neurology of invertebrates and lower vertebrates, in relation to behavior. Lateral line, acoustic, and equilibratory sensory systems, especially in fish; electrical activity of the brain, from the comparative viewpoint; evolution of the brain.

Future Research

Testing the hypothesis that ongoing, spontaneous and stimulus evoked or cognitive event-related electrical activity of brains of diverse classes and phyla are information-rich in signs as well as signals. Searching for differences at various levels of complexity, we investigate features, properties,and descriptors that have been neglected. These include distribution in space and time of rhythms (on a common sense, arbitrary definition by a measure of periodicity); and of synchrony, by a measure of the spatial extent of coherence at each frequency, and by the spatial and temporal fine structure of the higher order, nonlinear measure called bicoherence. In future the plan is to look for other evidences of nonrandom, local structure or dynamic pattern, withdifferent stimulus paradigms and brain states.

Keywords

COS Keywords:

Nervous System, Neurological Disorders, Neurophysiology, Stroke.

Additional Terms:

Comparative Physiology, Evoked Potentials, Neurophysiology.

Memberships

American Academy of Arts and Sciences
American Philosophical Society
American Physiological Society
American Society of Zoologists
International Brain Research Organization
International Society for Neuroethology
Society for Neuroscience
U.S. National Academy of Sciences

Honors and Awards

2000, Honorary Doctorate, Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois
1988, Berkeley Citation, University of California, Berkeley
1988, Honorary Doctorate, University of Frankfurt, Germany
1984, Gerard Prize, Society for Neuroscience
1973, Queen's Fellow in Marine Biology, Australia,
1970, Member, American Philosophical Society
1968, Karl Spencer Lashley Award, American Philosophical Society
1965-1966, Special Fellow, NIH-NINDB, University of California, San Diego
1963, Member, National Academy of Sciences
1962, UCLA Faculty Research Lecturer,
1961, Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1959-1960, Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Palo Alto
1957-1958, NSF Senior Postdoctoral Fellow, University of California, Berkeley
1950-1951, Fulbright Scholar, Zoological Station, Naples, Italy
1941-1942, Rockefeller Fellow in Experimental Neurology, Yale University
1940-1941, Sterling Fellow in Zoology, Yale University
1938, Sigma Xi,
1936, Phi Beta Kappa,

Publications

  • Bullock TH, Comparative Neuroscience, Internat Encyclop Social & Behav Sciences. Section 25, in press, 2001
  • Ramon F, Hernandez OH, Bullock TH, Event-related potentials in an invertebrate: crayfish emit 'omitted stimulus potetials', Journal of Experimental Biology, 204, 4291-4300, 2001
  • Bullock TH, How far can spikes and synaptic pathways take us?, International Society of Neuroethology Newsletter, pp.3-5, November 2000
  • Bullock TH, Revisiting the concept of identifiable neurons, Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 55, 236-240, 2000
  • Bullock TH, Introduction (Proc of the Workshop on Gamma Activity in the Human EEG, 13 March 1999, C Hermann, ed.), Int J Psychophysiol, 38, ix-xi, 2000
  • Karamursel S, Bullock TH, Human auditory fast and slow omitted stimulus potentials and steady-state responses, International Journal of Neuroscience, 100, 1-20, 2000
  • Moortgat KT, Bullock TH, Sejnowski TJ, Gap junction effects on precision and frequency of a model pacemaker network, Journal of Neurophysiology, 83, 984-997, 2000 Abstract
  • Moortgat KT, Bullock TH, Sejnowski TJ, Precision of the pacemaker nucleus in a weakly electric fish: network versus cellular influences, Journal of Neurophysiology, 83, 971-983, 2000 Abstract
  • Bullock TH, McClune MC, Enright JT, Rhythms in the human EEG are occasional, Proc 7th Joint Symp on Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, 10, 18-20, 2000
  • Schuett A, Bullock TH, Basar E., Odor input generates ~ 1.5 Hz and ~ 3 Hz spectral peaks in the Helix pedal ganglion, Brain Research, 879, 73-87, 2000
  • Schuett A, Bullock TH, Basar E, Odorant-induced low frequency activities of the Helix pedal ganglionare odorant-specific and related to behaviour, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, 124, 297-311, 2000
  • Prechtl JC, Bullock TH, Kleinfeld D, Direct evidence for local oscillatory current sources and intracortical phase gradients in turtle visual cortex, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 97, 877-882, 2000
  • Bullock TH, Slow potentials in the brain: still little understood but gradually getting analytical attention, Brain Research Bulletin, 50, 315-316, 1999 Abstract
  • Bullock TH, The future of research on electroreception and electrocommunication, Journal of Experimental Biology, 202, 1455-1458, 1999
  • Bullock TH, Neuroethology has pregnant agendas, Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, 185, 291-295, 1999
  • Bullock TH, Electroreceptors and electrosensing, In Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. G. Adelman, BH Smith, eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, p 638, 1999
  • Bullock TH, Neuroscience, comparative, In Encyclopedia of Neuroscience, pp 1443-1444, 1999
  • Hernandez OH, Ramon F, Bullock TH, Expectation in invertebrates: crayfish have 'omitted stimulus potentials', Proc 6th Joint Symp on Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, 9, 50-56, 1999
  • Schuett A, Bullock TH, Basar E, Dynamics of potentials from invertebrate brain. In Brain Functions and Oscillations. II: Integrative Brain Function. Neurophysiology and Cognitive Processes, E. Basar, ed. Springer, Berlin, pp 91-108, 1999
  • Schuett A, Bullock TH, Basar E, Odorant-induced low frequency activities of the Helix pedal ganglion are odorant-specific and related to behaviour, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, 124, 297-311, 1999
  • Bullock TH, Integration, neural, In Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. G Adelman, BH Smith, eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 976-977, 1999
  • Bullock TH, Induced rhythms. In Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. G. Adelman, BH Smith, eds, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 954-955, 1999
  • Bullock TH, Circuits, neural, In Encyclopedia of Neuroscience. G Adelman, BH Smith, eds. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 403-404, 1999
  • Ramon F, Hernandez OH, Bullock TH, 'Cognitive Waves' from crayfish brain: omitted stimulus potentials, Soc Neurosci Abstr, 25, 1140, 1999
  • Basar E., Schuett A., Bullock TH, Dynamics of potentials from the brain of anamniotes, In Brain Functions and Oscillations. II: Integrative Brain Function. Neurophysiology and Cognitive Processes. E. Basar, ed. Springer, Berlin, pp. 109-116, 1999
  • Schuett A, Basar E, Bullock TH, Power spectra of ongoing activity of the snail brain can discriminate odorants, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, 123, 95-110, 1999
  • Prechtl JC, von der Emde G, Wolfart J, Karamursel S, Akoev GN, Andrianov YN, Bullock TH, Sensory processing in the pallium of a mormyrid fish, Journal of Neuroscience, 18, 7381-7393, 1998 Abstract
  • Bullock TH, Enright JT, Chong KM, Forays with the additive periodogram applied to the EEG. It gives a different picture of brain rhythems from the power spectrum, Proc 5th Joint Symp on Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, 8, 25-28, 1998
  • Bullock TH, Thoughts on the future of neuroethology, The Fifth Int Cong of Neuroethology, Aug. 23-28, University of California, San Diego, 1, 1998
  • Bullock TH, Enright JT, Additive periodograms picture brain rhythms differently from power spectra, Soc Neurosci Abstr, 24, 939, 1998
  • Moortgat KT, Bullock TH, Sejnowski TJ, Exploring the regularity of the pacemaker nucleus in the gymnotiform electromotor system, The Fifth Int Cong of Neuroethology, Aug. 23-28, University of California, San Diego, p 319, 1998
  • Moortgat KT, Bullock TH, Sejnowski TJ, Blocking gap junctions in the electric fish pacemaker nucleus alters the frequency and synchrony of oscillations, Soc Neurosci Abstr, 24, 186, 1998
  • Moortgat KT, Keller CH, Bullock TH, Sejnowski TJ, Submicrosecond pacemaker precision is behaviorally modulated: the gymnotiform electromotor pathway, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 95, 4684-4689, 1998
  • Bullock TH, Achimowicz JZ, Duckrow RB, Spencer SS, Iragui-Madoz VJ, Bicoherence of intracranial EEG in sleep, wakefulness and seizures, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 103(6), 661-78, December 1997 Abstract
  • Bullock TH, Signals and signs in the nervous system: the dynamic anatomy of electrical activity is probably information-rich, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 94, 1-6, 1997 Abstract
  • Bullock TH, Neuroethology of zooplankton, Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 28, 1-16, 1997
  • Bullock TH, In celebration of the life of Walter F. Heiligenberg, Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 50 (Suppl 1), 81-87. Preface pp. 1, 1997 Abstract
  • Bullock TH, Comparative physiology of acoustic and allied central analyzers, Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) Suppl, 532, 13-21, 1997
  • Bullock TH, Theodore H. Bullock, The History of Neuroscience, Vol. 1. L. Squire, ed., Society for Neuroscience, pp. 110-156, 1996
  • Bullock TH, Grinnell AD, Susumu Hagiwara, In: Biographical Memoirs, Vol. 69, The National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 59-85, 1996
  • Bullock TH, Achimowicz JZ, Duckrow RB, Spencer SS, Iragui-Madoz VJ, Bicoherence of intracranial EEG, Proc. 3rd Joint Symp on Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, 6, 83-87, 1996
  • Bullock TH, Is the distribution of coherence a test of the model? Commentary on 'Dynamics of the brain at global and microscopic scales: neural networks and the EEG' by JJ Wright and DTJ Liley, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 296, 1996
  • Sensory evoked responses in the pallium of the weakly electric fish, Gnathonemus petersii, Soc Neurosci Abstr, 22, 451, 1996
  • Moortgat KT, Bullock TH, Sejnowski TJ, Pacemaker regularity: inter-species comparison of electric organ discharge frequency, Soc Neurosci Abstr, 22, 451, 1996
  • Bullock TH, McClune MC, Achimowicz JZ, Iragui-Madoz VJ, Duckrow RB, Spencer SS, Temporal fluctuations in coherence of brain waves, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 92(25), 11568-11572, 1995 Abstract
  • Bullock TH, McClune MC, Achimowicz JZ, Iragui-Madoz VJ, Duckrow RB, Spencer SS, EEG coherence has structure in the millimeter domain: subdural and hippocampal recordings from epileptic patients, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 95(3), 161-177, 1995 Abstract
  • Bullock TH, Are the main grades of brains different principally in numbers of connections or also in quality? In The Nervous Systems of Invertebrates: An Evolutionary and Comparative Approach. O Breidbach, W Kuts, 439-448, 1995
  • Budelmann BU, Bullock TH, Williamson R, Cephalopod brains: promising preparations for brain physiology. In Cephalopod Neurobiology, NJ Abbott, R Williamson, L Maddock, eds. Oxford Univ Press, UK, 399-413, 1995
  • Bullock TH, Neural integration at the mesoscopic level: the advent of some ideas in the last half century, Journal of Hist Neurosci, 4, 216-235, 1995
  • Hofmann MH, Bullock TH, Induced rhythms and apparent expectation in retina and optic tectum of an elasmobranch, Proc 2nd Joint Symp on Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, 5, 115-125, 1995
  • Prechtl JC, Bullock TH, Structure and propagation of cortical oscillations linked to visual behaviors in the turtlle, Proc 2nd Joint Symp on Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, 5, 105-114, 1995
  • Bullock TH, McClune MC, Achimowicz JZ, Iragui-Madoz VJ, Duckrow RB, Spencer SS, Temporal fluctuations in coherence of brain waves, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 92, 11568-11572, 1995
  • Prechtl JC, Bullock TH, Event-related potentials to omitted visual stimuli in a reptile, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 91(1), 54-66, 1994 Abstract
  • Bullock TH, Karamursel S, Achimowicz JZ: McClune MC, Basar-Eroglu C, Dynamic properties of human visual evoked and omitted stimulus potentials, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 91, 42-53, 1994
  • Karamursel S, Bullock TH, Dynamics of event-related potentials to trains of light and dark flashes: responses to missing and extra stimuli in elasmobranch fish, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 90, 461-471, 1994 Abstract
  • Bullock TH, How Do Brains Work? Papers of a comparative neurophysiologist, Birkhauser/ Springer, xviii + 664, 1993
  • Bullock TH, Karamursel S, Hofmann MH, Interval-specific event related potentials to omitted stimuli in the electrosensory pathway in elasmobranchs: an elementary form of expectation, Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, 172, 501-510, 1993 Abstract
  • Fields RD, Bullock TH, Lange GD, Ampullary sense organs, peripheral, central and behavioral electroreception in chimeras (Hydrolagus, Holocephali, Chondrichthyes), Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 41(6), 269-89, 1993 Abstract
  • Bullock TH, Integrative systems research on the brain: resurgence and new opportunities, Annual Review of Neuroscience, 16, 1-15, 1993 Abstract
  • Bullock TH, How are more complex brains different? One view and an agenda for comparative neurobiology, Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 41(2), 88-96, 1993 Abstract
  • Prechtl JC, Bullock TH, Plurality of visual mismatch potentials in a reptile, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 5, 177-187, 1993
  • Prechtl JC, Bullock TH, Barbiturate sensitive components of visual ERPs in a reptile, Neuroreport, 3(9), 801-4, September 1992
  • Bleckmann H, Budelmann BU, Bullock TH, Peripheral and central nervous responses evoked by small water movements in a cephalopod, Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, 168(2), 247-57, February 1991
  • Bullock TH, Budelmann BU, Sensory evoked potentials in unanesthetized unrestrained cuttlefish: a new preparation for brain physiology in cephalopods, Journal of Comparative Physiology. A, 168(1), 141-50, January 1991
  • Laming PR, Bullock TH, McClune MC, Sustained potential shifts and changes in acoustic evoked potentials after presentation of a non-acoustic priming stimulus to carp (Cyprinus carpio), Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, 100(1), 95-104, 1991
  • Laming PR, Bullock TH, McClune MC, Changes in EEG power, acoustic evoked potentials and heart rate after mildly arousing non-acoustic priming stimuli in carp (Cyprinus carpio), Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, 100(1), 81-93, 1991
  • Laming PR, Bullock TH, Changes in early acoustic-evoked potentials by mildly arousing priming stimuli in carp (Cyprinus carpio), Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, 99(4), 567-75, 1991
  • Gaztelu JM, Garcia-Austt E, Bullock TH, Electrocorticograms of hippocampal and dorsal cortex of two reptiles: comparison with possible mammalian homologs, Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 37(3), 144-60, 1991
  • Bullock TH, Hofmann MH, New JG, Nahm FK, Dynamic properties of visual evoked potentials in the tectum of cartilaginous and bony fishes, with neuroethological implications, Journal of Exp Zool (Suppl 5), 142-55, 1991
  • Bullock TH, Hofmann MH, Nahm FK, New JG, Prechtl JC, Event-related potentials in the retina and optic tectum of fish, Journal of Neurophysiology, 64(3), 903-14, September 1990
  • Lee LT, Bullock TH, Responses of the optic tectum to telencephalic stimulation in catfish, Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 35(6), 313-24, 1990
  • Lee LT, Bullock TH, Cerebellar units show several types of long-lasting posttetanic responses to telencephalic stimulation in catfish, Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 35(5), 291-301, 1990
  • Bullock TH, Buzsaki G, McClune MC, Coherence of compound field potentials reveals discontinuities in the CA1-subiculum of the hippocampus in freely-moving rats, Neuroscience, 38(3), 609-19, 1990
  • Lee LT, Bullock TH, Cerebellar units show several types of early responses to telencephalic stimulation in catfish, Brain, Behavior and Evolution, 35(5), 278-90, 1990

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