Prof. Edward A. Clark

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University of Washington
School of Medicine
Immunology
ProfessorAppointed: 2001
University of Washington
School of Medicine
Microbiology
ProfessorAppointed: 1990

Mailing Address

Department of Microbiology
1959 NE Pacific
Box 357242
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington 98195
United States

Contact Information

Phone: (206) 543-8706
Fax: (206) 616-6776
eclark@bart.rprc.washington.edu

Qualifications

Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles, Microbiology and Immunology, 1977.
B.A., University of California, Los Angeles, Psychology and Zoology, 1969.

Expertise and Research Interests

One major research focus in Dr. Clark's laboratory is to define events which regulate B lymphocyte cell numbers, which are determined by rates of proliferation, cell death, and cell quiescence. B lymphocyte homeostasis is important to understand since B cells produce protective antibodies against the infectious agents and dysregulation of B cell growth or death can lead to B cell cancers such as non-Hodgkin's lymphomas or to autoimmune diseases. The laboratory investigates the the key signaling pathway induced through the B cell receptor (BCR) complex and how it this pathway is regulated by cytoplasmic adaptor proteins or costimulation by members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family such as CD40 and BAFF family receptors. A number of genetically deficient knockout mice defective in B cell signaling or maturation are being used to define BCR-regulated pathways including e.g., CD22-/-, Bam32-/-, caspase6 -/- and gp91phox-/- mice. This research is pertinent to the understanding of inflammatory responses involving B cells and the etiology of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and B cell neoplasms such as lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemias.

A second area of research in the Clark lab concerns how the sentinels of the immune system, dendritic cells (DCs) are programmed to instruct T or B cells to respond appropriately to various infectious agents. DCs recognize pathogens or products from pathogens through Toll-like receptor (TLR) family members and/or through C-type lectin receptor (CLR) family members. The Clark lab has discovered two new CLR family members, DCAL-1 and DCAL-2, which appear to regulate DC cytokine production and other DC functions. The lab is using/creating transgenic mice expressing human CLRs to test protein-based drug candidates which deliver antigens to DC subsets or alter DC subset functions. From their studies on DC subset regulation by sex steroids, OPG and other factors, the Clark lab hopes to contribute to the development to new vaccines against virues and new drugs for treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Other Expertise

Dr. Clark has also worked with nonhuman primates for over 25 years and is experienced in a number of aspects of nonhuman primate immunology, which is useful for evaluating certain preclinical studiens in macaques. He has carried out AIDS-related research using macaques and his experience in lymphocyte activation.

Future Research

Dr. Clark's lab is actve in the development of new approaches for the delivery of antigens into the immune system to either promote effective immune responses to viruses and cancers or to turn off destructive immune responses to autoantigens.

Industrial Relevance

Dr. Clark has helped to found two biotechnology companies and has served on several biotech company scientific advisory boards (SABs). In 1981 he helped to found the first biotechnology company in Seattle, Genetics Systems Corporation, which was purchased by Bristol Myers Squibb in 1986 for $300 million. He also helped to found Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc in 2001, which went public in 2006 and which has B cell-depleting drugs beng tested in clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis and cancer patients.

Keywords

COS Keywords:

AIDS, Biochemistry, Proteins, Biological Sciences, Cell Biology, Growth Factor Receptors, Growth Factors, HIV, Immunobiology, Immunology, Leukemia, Lymphocytes, Microbiology, Oncology, Receptors, Transgenic Animals, Tumors.

Additional Terms:

Blood/Blood Cells, Cancer, Cell Biology, Cell Growth & Differentiation, Growth Factor Receptors, Growth Factors, Immunobiology, Immunology, Lymphocytes, Microbiology, Oncology, Roles in Disease, Roles in Normal Process, Tumor Biology.

Languages

(Reading, Writing, Speaking)

English: (Fluent, Fluent, Fluent)

Memberships

American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Association of Immunologists

Honors and Awards

2004-2014, MERIT Award, National Institutes of Health (NIH), University of Washington, Dendritic cell regulation
1990-1994, Most Highly Cited Authors in Immunology, Science Watch, Immunology
1987, Foreign Research Scholar, Japanese Ministry of Education (Mombusho), Osaka University
1981-2001, Most Highly Cited Authors in Immunology, Science Watch, Immunology
1977-1979, Edna A. Old Memorial Fellow, Cancer Research Institute of New York
1977, Graduate Student Research Prize, Inter-Science Research Foundation
1965-1969, Regents Scholar, University of California, San Francisco

Patents

Compositions and methods for the treatment of B cell disorders, Patent Number: Patent pending, 2002, Clark, Graves, Olson, Shu, United States of America.
Bp50-specific antibodies and fragments thereof., Patent Number: 5786456, 1998, Ledbetter, Clark, United States of America.
FDCR-1 polypeptides,encoding nucleic acids and methods of use for th rgulation of stromal cell growth, Patent Number: Patent pending, 1997, Clark, Chaudhary, United States of America.
Ligands and methods for augmenting B cell proliferation, Patent Number: 5182368, 1993, Ledbetter, Clark, United States of America.
T cell lymphocyte subset monitoring in immunologic diseases, Patent Number: 4677061, 1987, Rose, Clark, Ledbetter, United States of America.

Funding Received

  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Dendritic cell associated C-type lectins, $250,000, Mar 2003 to Mar 2008.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Structure/Function Human B Cell Differentiation Antigens, $225,000/year, Jan 1986 to 2008.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Adaptor proteins regulating B cell maturation, $172,633/year, Feb 2000 to Jan 2005.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): FDCR1 and follicular dendritic cell signaling pathways, $225,000 /year, Dec 1998 to 2014.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): CD22 and B cell-receptor-induced death, $172,859/year, Dec 1998 to Nov 2003.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Dendritic cells, mucosal immunity and C-type lectins, $225,000, 2005 to 2010.

Publications

  • Chappell CP, Clark EA (May 2008) Survival niches: B cells get MIFed as well as BAFFled by dendritic cells., Immunology and cell biology Abstract
  • Santos L, Draves KE, Boton M, Grewal PK, Marth JD, Clark EA (Apr 2008) Dendritic cell-dependent inhibition of B cell proliferation requires CD22., Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 180 (7), 4561-9 Abstract
  • Hughes GC, Thomas S, Li C, Kaja MK, Clark EA (Feb 2008) Cutting edge: progesterone regulates IFN-alpha production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells., Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 180 (4), 2029-33 Abstract
  • Baskin CR, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, García-Sastre A, Tumpey TM, Van Hoeven N, Carter VS, Thomas MJ, Proll S, Solórzano A, Billharz R, Fornek JL, Thomas S, Chen CH, Clark EA, Murali-Krishna K, Katze MG (Nov 2007) Functional genomic and serological analysis of the protective immune response resulting from vaccination of macaques with an NS1-truncated influenza virus., Journal of virology, 81 (21), 11817-27 Abstract
  • Craxton A, Draves KE, Clark EA (Oct 2007) Bim regulates BCR-induced entry of B cells into the cell cycle., European journal of immunology, 37 (10), 2715-22 Abstract
  • Hughes GC, Clark EA (Sep 2007) Regulation of dendritic cells by female sex steroids: relevance to immunity and autoimmunity., Autoimmunity, 40 (6), 470-81 Abstract
  • Acosta-Rodríguez EV, Craxton A, Hendricks DW, Merino MC, Montes CL, Clark EA, Gruppi A (Apr 2007) BAFF and LPS cooperate to induce B cells to become susceptible to CD95/Fas-mediated cell death., European journal of immunology, 37 (4), 990-1000 Abstract
  • Paterson JC, Tedoldi S, Craxton A, Jones M, Hansmann ML, Collins G, Roberton H, Natkunam Y, Pileri S, Campo E, Clark EA, Mason DY, Marafioti T (Jun 2006) The differential expression of LCK and BAFF-receptor and their role in apoptosis in human lymphomas., Haematologica, 91 (6), 772-80 Abstract
  • Chen CH, Floyd H, Olson NE, Magaletti D, Li C, Draves K, Clark EA (Feb 2006) Dendritic-cell-associated C-type lectin 2 (DCAL-2) alters dendritic-cell maturation and cytokine production., Blood, 107 (4), 1459-67 Abstract
  • Giordano D, Magaletti DM, Clark EA (Feb 2006) Nitric oxide and cGMP protein kinase (cGK) regulate dendritic-cell migration toward the lymph-node-directing chemokine CCL19., Blood, 107 (4), 1537-45 Abstract
  • Porakishvili N, Kulikova N, Jewell AP, Youinou PY, Yong K, Nathwani A, Heelan B, Duke V, Hamblin TJ, Wallace P, Ely P, Clark EA, Lydyard PM (Nov 2005) Differential expression of CD 180 and IgM by B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells using mutated and unmutated immunoglobulin VH genes., British journal of haematology, 131 (3), 313-9 Abstract
  • Clark EA, Ledbetter JA (Nov 2005) How does B cell depletion therapy work, and how can it be improved?, Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 64 Suppl 4, iv77-80 Abstract
  • Craxton A, Draves KE, Gruppi A, Clark EA (Nov 2005) BAFF regulates B cell survival by downregulating the BH3-only family member Bim via the ERK pathway., The Journal of experimental medicine, 202 (10), 1363-74 Abstract
  • Garrett-Sinha LA, Hou P, Wang D, Grabiner B, Araujo E, Rao S, Yun TJ, Clark EA, Simon MC, Clark MR (Jun 2005) Spi-1 and Spi-B control the expression of the Grap2 gene in B cells., Gene, 353 (1), 134-46 Abstract
  • Yankee TM, Draves KE, Clark EA (Apr 2005) Expression and function of the adaptor protein Gads in murine B cells., European journal of immunology, 35 (4), 1184-92 Abstract
  • Mikhalap SV, Shlapatska LM, Yurchenko OV, Yurchenko MY, Berdova GG, Nichols KE, Clark EA, Sidorenko SP, The adaptor protein SH2D1A regulates signaling through CD150 (SLAM) in B cells, Blood, 104(13), 4063-70, 15 Dec 2004
  • Niiro H, Allam A, Stoddart A, Brodsky FM, Marshall AJ, Clark EA, The B lymphocyte adaptor molecule of 32 kilodaltons (Bam32) regulates B cell antigen receptor internalization, J Immunol, 173(9), 5601-9, 01 Nov 2004
  • Bengtsson AK, Ryan EJ, Giordano D, Magaletti DM, Clark EA, 17beta-estradiol (E2) modulates cytokine and chemokine expression in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, Blood, 104(5), 1404-10, Sep 2004 Abstract
  • Allam A, Niiro H, Clark EA, Marshall AJ, The adaptor protein Bam32 regulates Rac1 activation and actin remodeling through a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279(38), 39775-82, Sep 2004 Abstract
  • Yankee TM, Yun TJ, Draves KE, Ganesh K, Bevan MJ, Murali-Krishna K, Clark EA, The Gads (GrpL) adaptor protein regulates T cell homeostasis, Journal of Immunology (baltimore, Md. : 1950), 173(3), 1711-20, Aug 2004 Abstract
  • Graves JD, Craxton A, Clark EA, Modulation and function of caspase pathways in B lymphocytes, Immunological Reviews, 197, 129-46, Feb 2004 Abstract
  • Giordano D, Magaletti DM, Clark EA, Beavo JA, Cyclic nucleotides promote monocyte differentiation toward a DC-SIGN+ (CD209) intermediate cell and impair differentiation into dendritic cells, Journal of Immunology (baltimore, Md. : 1950), 171(12), 6421-30, Dec 2003 Abstract
  • Niiro H, Clark EA, Branches of the B cell antigen receptor pathway are directed by protein conduits Bam32 and Carma1, Immunity, 19(5), 637-40, Nov 2003 Abstract
  • Clark EA, Craxton A, A CD40 bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, Immunity, 18(6), 724-5, Jun 2003 Abstract
  • Craxton A, Magaletti D, Ryan EJ, Clark EA, Macrophage- and dendritic cell--dependent regulation of human B-cell proliferation requires the TNF family ligand BAFF, Blood, 101(11), 4464-71, Jun 2003 Abstract
  • Olson NE, Graves JD, Shu GL, Ryan EJ, Clark EA, Caspase activity is required for stimulated B lymphocytes to enter the cell cycle, Journal of Immunology (baltimore, Md. : 1950), 170(12), 6065-72, Jun 2003 Abstract
  • Sidorenko SP, Clark EA, The dual-function CD150 receptor subfamily: the viral attraction, Nature Immunology, 4(1), 19-24, Jan 2003 Abstract
  • Yankee TM, Solow SA, Draves KD, Clark EA, Expression of the Grb2-related protein of the lymphoid system in B cell subsets enhances B cell antigen receptor signaling through mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, Journal of Immunology (baltimore, Md. : 1950), 170(1), 349-55, Jan 2003 Abstract
  • Niiro H, Clark EA, Regulation of B-cell fate by antigen-receptor signals, Nat rev Immunol, 2(12), 945-56, Dec 2002
  • Marshall, A.J., Du, Q., Draves, K.E., Shikishima, Y., HayGlass, K.T., and Clark, E.A., FDC-SP, a novel secreted protein expressed by follicular dendritic cells, Journal of Immunology, 169, 2381-2389, 2002
  • Niiro, H., Maeda, A., Kurosaki, T., and Clark, E.A., The Bam32 adaptor protein regulates B cell antigen receptor signaling and cell fate, Journal of Experimental Medicine, 195, 143-149, 2002
  • Ryan, E.J., Marshall, A.J., Magaletti, D.M., Floyd, H., Draves, K.E., Olson, N.E., and Clark, E.A., DCAL-1, a novel dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin, DCAL-1, enhances T cell secretion of interleukin-4, Journal of Immunology, 169, 5638-5648, 2002
  • Mikhalap, S.V., Shlapatska, L.M., yurchenko, M.Y. Yun, T.J., Nichols, K.E., Kurosaki, T., Clark, E.A. and Sidorenko, S.P., CD150-mediated activation of the Akt kinase is regulated by the adaptor protein SH2D1a, Journal of Immunology, submitted, 2002
  • Graves JD, Draves KE, Gotoh Y, Krebs EG, Clark EA, Both phosphorylation and caspase-mediated cleavage contribute to regulation of the Ste20-like protein kinase Mst1 during CD95/Fas-induced apoptosis, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276(18), 14909-15, May 2001 Abstract
  • Yun TJ, Tallquist MD, Aicher A, Rafferty KL, Marshall AJ, Moon JJ, Ewings ME, Mohaupt M, Herring SW, Clark EA, Osteoprotegerin, a crucial regulator of bone metabolism, also regulates B cell development and function, Journal of Immunology (baltimore, Md. : 1950), 166(3), 1482-91, February 2001 Abstract
  • Schlaspatska, J.M., Mikhalpa, S.V., Berdova, A.G., Yun, T.J., Nichols, K.E., Clark, E.A., and Sidorenko, S.P., CDw150 association with either the SH2-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP) or SHP-2 is regulated by the adaptor protein SH2D1a, Journal of Immunology, 166, 5480-5487, 2001
  • Yankee, T., Draves, K.E., Ewings, M., Clark, E.A., and Graves, J.D., CD95/Fas-induces cleavage of the GrpL/Gads adaptor and desensitization of antigen receptor signaling, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98, 6789-6793, 2001
  • Otipoby, K.L, Draves, K.E. and Clark, E.A., CD22 regulates BCR-mediated signals via two domains that independently recruit Grb2 and SHP-1, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276, 44315-44322, 2001
  • Richter, G., Hayden-Ledbetter, M., Irgang, M., Ledbetter, J.A., Westermann, J., Korner, I., Daemen, K., Clark, E.A., Aicher, A., and Pezzutto, A., TNF-alpha regulates the expression of ICOS ligand on CD34+ progenitor cells during differentiation into antiegen presenting cells, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276, 45686-45693, 2001
  • Marshall, A. J., Niiro, H., Lerner, C.G., Yun, T.J., Thomas, S., Disteche, C.M., and Clark, E.A, A novel B-lymphocyte restricted adapter protein, BAM-32, which regulates B cell activation through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway, Journal of Experimental Medicine, 191, 1319-1331, 2000
  • Pinchuk LM, Grouard-Vogel G, Magaletti DM, Doty RT, Andrews RG, Clark EA, Isolation and characterization of macaque dendritic cells from CD34\(+\) bone marrow progenitors., Cell Immunology, 196(1), 34-40, 25 Aug 1999 Abstract
  • Sun Y, Clark EA, Expression of the c-myc proto-oncogene is essential for HIV-1 infection in activated T cells., Journal of Experimental Medicine, 189(9), 1391-8, 3 May 1999 Abstract
  • Law CL, Ewings MK, Chaudhary PM, Solow SA, Yun TJ, Marshall AJ, Hood L, Clark EA, GrpL, a Grb2-related adaptor protein, interacts with SLP-76 to regulate nuclear factor of activated T cell activation., Journal of Experimental Medicine, 189(8), 1243-53, 19 Apr 1999 Abstract
  • Craxton A, Otipoby KL, Jiang A, Clark EA, Signal transduction pathways that regulate the fate of B lymphocytes., Advances in Immunology, 73, 79-152, 1999 Abstract
  • Craxton A, Shu G, Graves J D, Saklatvala J, Krebs E G, Clark E A, p38 MAPK is required for CD40-induced gene expression and proliferation in B lymphocytes., Journal of Immunology, 161(7), 3225-36, 1 Oct 1998 Abstract
  • Doty R T, Clark E A, Two regions in the CD80 cytoplasmic tail regulate CD80 redistribution and T cell costimulation., Journal of Immunology, 161(6), 2700-7, 15 Sep 1998 Abstract
  • Graves J D, Gotoh Y, Draves K E, Ambrose D, Han D K, Wright M, Chernoff J, Clark E A, Krebs E G, Caspase-mediated activation and induction of apoptosis by the mammalian Ste20-like kinase Mst1., Embo Journal, 17(8), 2224-34, 15 Apr 1998 Abstract
  • Cornall R J, Cyster J G, Hibbs M L, Dunn A R, Otipoby K L, Clark E A, Goodnow C C, Polygenic autoimmune traits: Lyn, CD22, and SHP-1 are limiting elements of a biochemical pathway regulating BCR signaling and selection., Immunity, 8(4), 497-508, April 1998 Abstract
  • Graves, J.D., Gotoh, Y., Draves, K.E., Ambrose, D., Han, D., Wright, M., Chernoff, J., Clark, E.A. and Krebs, E.G., Caspase-mediate activation and induction of apoptosis by the mammalian Ste-20-like kinase Mst1, EMBO Journal, 17, 2224-2234, 1998
  • Graves, J.D., Draves, K.E., Craxton, A., Krebs, E.G., and Clark, E.A., A comparison of signaling requirements for apoptosis of human B lymphocytes induced by the B cell receptor and CD95/Fas, Journal of Immunology, 161, 168-174, 1998
  • Cornall, R.J., Cyster, J.G., Hibbs, M.L., Dunn, A.R., Otipoby, K.L., Clark, E.A., and Goodnow, C.C., Polygenic regulation of complex traits in autoimmunity: Lyn kinase, CD22 and SHP-1 phosphatase are limiting elements of a biochemical pathway that regulates BCR signaling and selection, Immunity, 8, 497-508, 1998
  • Siebelt F, Berberich I, Shu G, Serfling E, Clark E A, Role for CD40-mediated activation of c-Rel and maintenance of c-myc RNA levels in mitigating anti-IgM-induced growth arrest., Cellular Immunology, 181(1), 13-22, 10 Oct 1997 Abstract
  • Grouard G, Clark E A, Role of dendritic and follicular dendritic cells in HIV infection and pathogenesis [see comments], Current Opinion In Immunology, 9(4), 563-7, August 1997 Abstract
  • Clark E A, Regulation of B lymphocytes by dendritic cells [comment], Journal of Experimental Medicine, 185(5), 801-3, 3 Mar 1997 Abstract
  • Sun Y, Pinchuk L M, Agy M B, Clark E A, Nuclear import of HIV-1 DNA in resting CD4+ T cells requires a cyclosporin A-sensitive pathway., Journal of Immunology, 158(1), 512-7, 1 Jan 1997 Abstract
  • Otipoby K L, Andersson K B, Draves K E, Klaus S J, Farr A G, Kerner J D, Perlmutter R M, Law C L, Clark E A, CD22 regulates thymus-independent responses and the lifespan of B cells., Nature, 384(6610), 634-7, 19 Dec 1996 Abstract
  • Andersson K B, Draves K E, Magaletti D M, Fujioka S, Holmes K L, Law C L, Clark E A, Characterization of the expression and gene promoter of CD22 in murine B cells., European Journal of Immunology, 26(12), 3170-8, December 1996 Abstract
  • Graves J D, Draves K E, Craxton A, Saklatvala J, Krebs E G, Clark E A, Involvement of stress-activated protein kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in mIgM-induced apoptosis of human B lymphocytes., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 93(24), 13814-8, 26 Nov 1996 Abstract
  • Pinchuk L M, Klaus S J, Magaletti D M, Pinchuk G V, Norsen J P, Clark E A, Functional CD40 ligand expressed by human blood dendritic cells is up-regulated by CD40 ligation., Journal of Immunology, 157(10), 4363-70, 15 Nov 1996 Abstract
  • Doty R T, Clark E A, Subcellular localization of CD80 receptors is dependent on an intact cytoplasmic tail and is required for CD28-dependent T cell costimulation., Journal of Immunology, 157(8), 3270-9, 15 Oct 1996 Abstract
  • Sidorenko S P, Law C L, Klaus S J, Chandran K A, Takata M, Kurosaki T, Clark E A, Protein kinase C mu (PKC mu) associates with the B cell antigen receptor complex and regulates lymphocyte signaling., Immunity, 5(4), 353-63, October 1996 Abstract
  • Polacino P S, Pinchuk L M, Sidorenko S P, Clark E A, Immunodeficiency virus cDNA synthesis in resting T lymphocytes is regulated by T cell activation signals and dendritic cells., Journal of Medical Primatology, 25(3), 201-9, June 1996 Abstract
  • Clark E A, HIV: dendritic cells as embers for the infectious fire., Current Biology, 6(6), 655-7, 1 Jun 1996 Abstract
  • Klaus S J, Sidorenko S P, Clark E A, CD45 ligation induces programmed cell death in T and B lymphocytes., Journal of Immunology, 156(8), 2743-53, 15 Apr 1996 Abstract
  • Law C L, Chandran K A, Sidorenko S P, Clark E A, Phospholipase C-gamma1 interacts with conserved phosphotyrosyl residues in the linker region of Syk and is a substrate for Syk., Molecular and Cellular Biology, 16(4), 1305-15, April 1996 Abstract
  • Law C L, Sidorenko S P, Chandran K A, Zhao Z, Shen S H, Fischer E H, Clark E A, CD22 associates with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1C, Syk, and phospholipase C-gamma(1) upon B cell activation., Journal of Experimental Medicine, 183(2), 547-60, 1 Feb 1996 Abstract
  • Berberich I, Shu G, Siebelt F, Woodgett J R, Kyriakis J M, Clark E A, Cross-linking CD40 on B cells preferentially induces stress-activated protein kinases rather than mitogen-activated protein kinases., Embo Journal, 15(1), 92-101, 2 Jan 1996 Abstract
  • Otipoby, K.L., Andersson, K.B., Draves, K.E., Farr, A. G., Klaus, S.J., Kerner, J.D., Perlmutter, R.M., Law, C.L., and Clark, E.A, CD22 regulates thymus-independent responses and the fate of long-lived B cells, Nature, 384, 634-37, 1996
  • Clark E. A., HIV: Dendritic cells as embers for the infectious fire, Cur. Biol., 6, 655-7, 1996
  • Berberich, I., Shu, G., Siebelt, F., Woodgett, J.R., Kyriakis, J.M., and Clark, E.A., Crosslinking CD40 on B cells preferentially induces stress-activated protein kinases rather than mitogen-activated protein kinases, EMBO J., 15, 92-101, 1996
  • Graves, J.D., Draves, K.E., Craxton, A., Saklatvala, J., Krebs, E.G., and Clark, E.A., Involvement of stress-activated protein kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in mIgM-induced apoptosis of human B lymphocytes, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 13814-8, 1996
  • Yanaga F, Poole A, Asselin J, Blake R, Schieven G L, Clark E A, Law C L, Watson S P, Syk interacts with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in human platelets activated by collagen and cross-linking of the Fc gamma-IIA receptor [published erratum appears in Biochem J 1996 Feb 1;313(Pt 3), Biochemical Journal, 311 ( Pt 2), 471-8, 15 Oct 1995 Abstract
  • Law C L, Aruffo A, Chandran K A, Doty R T, Clark E A, Ig domains 1 and 2 of murine CD22 constitute the ligand-binding domain and bind multiple sialylated ligands expressed on B and T cells., Journal of Immunology, 155(7), 3368-76, 1 Oct 1995 Abstract
  • Polacino P S, Liang H A, Clark E A, Formation of simian immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat circles in resting T cells requires both T cell receptor- and IL-2-dependent activation., Journal of Experimental Medicine, 182(2), 617-21, 1 Aug 1995 Abstract
  • Clark E A, Grabstein K H, Gown A M, Skelly M, Kaisho T, Hirano T, Shu G L, Activation of B lymphocyte maturation by a human follicular dendritic cell line, FDC-1., Journal of Immunology, 155(2), 545-55, 15 Jul 1995 Abstract
  • Sidorenko S P, Law C L, Chandran K A, Clark E A, Human spleen tyrosine kinase p72Syk associates with the Src-family kinase p53/56Lyn and a 120-kDa phosphoprotein., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 92(2), 359-63, 17 Jan 1995 Abstract
  • Clark E A, The interdependence of lymphocyte, stromal cell, and follicular dendritic cell maturation., Advances In Experimental Medicine and Biology, 378, 285-8, 1995 Abstract
  • Pinchuk L M, Polacino P S, Agy M B, Klaus S J, Clark E A, Cell-cell interactions regulate dendritic cell-dependent HIV-1 production in CD4+ T lymphocytes., Advances In Experimental Medicine and Biology, 378, 461-3, 1995 Abstract
  • Charmley P, Keretan E, Snyder K, Clark E A, Concannon P, Relative size and evolution of the germline repertoire of T-cell receptor beta-chain gene segments in nonhuman primates., Genomics, 25(1), 150-6, 1 Jan 1995 Abstract
  • Berberich I, Shu G L, Clark E A, Cross-linking CD40 on B cells rapidly activates nuclear factor-kappa B., Journal of Immunology, 153(10), 4357-66, 15 Nov 1994 Abstract
  • Clerici M, Clark E A, Polacino P, Axberg I, Kuller L, Casey N I, Morton W R, Shearer G M, Benveniste R E, T-cell proliferation to subinfectious SIV correlates with lack of infection after challenge of macaques., Aids, 8(10), 1391-5, October 1994 Abstract
  • Klaus S J, Berberich I, Shu G, Clark E A, CD40 and its ligand in the regulation of humoral immunity., Seminars In Immunology, 6(5), 279-86, October 1994 Abstract
  • Law C L, Sidorenko S P, Clark E A, Regulation of lymphocyte activation by the cell-surface molecule CD22., Immunology Today, 15(9), 442-9, September 1994 Abstract
  • Kuller L, Benveniste R E, Tsai C C, Clark E A, Polacino P, Watanabe R, Overbaugh J, Katze M G, Morton W R, Intrarectal inoculation of macaques by the simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVmne E11S: CD4+ depletion and AIDS., Journal of Medical Primatology, 23(7), 397-409, September 1994 Abstract
  • Hasbold J, Johnson-Leger C, Atkins C J, Clark E A, Klaus G G, Properties of mouse CD40: cellular distribution of CD40 and B cell activation by monoclonal anti-mouse CD40 antibodies., European Journal of Immunology, 24(8), 1835-42, August 1994 Abstract
  • Pinchuk L M, Polacino P S, Agy M B, Klaus S J, Clark E A, The role of CD40 and CD80 accessory cell molecules in dendritic cell-dependent HIV-1 infection., Immunity, 1(4), 317-25, July 1994 Abstract
  • Klaus S J, Pinchuk L M, Ochs H D, Law C L, Fanslow W C, Armitage R J, Clark E A, Costimulation through CD28 enhances T cell-dependent B cell activation via CD40-CD40L interaction., Journal of Immunology, 152(12), 5643-52, 15 Jun 1994 Abstract
  • Chan A C, van Oers N S, Tran A, Turka L, Law C L, Ryan J C, Clark E A, Weiss A, Differential expression of ZAP-70 and Syk protein tyrosine kinases, and the role of this family of protein tyrosine kinases in TCR signaling., Journal of Immunology, 152(10), 4758-66, 15 May 1994 Abstract
  • Bowden D M, Short R, Williams D D, Clark E A, Immunologic markers in a longitudinal study of aging in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)., Journal of Gerontology, 49(3), B93-103, May 1994 Abstract
  • Law C L, Sidorenko S P, Chandran K A, Draves K E, Chan A C, Weiss A, Edelhoff S, Disteche C M, Clark E A, Molecular cloning of human Syk. A B cell protein-tyrosine kinase associated with the surface immunoglobulin M-B cell receptor complex., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 269(16), 12310-9, 22 Apr 1994 Abstract
  • Law C L, Clark E A, Cell-cell interactions that regulate the development of B-lineage cells., Current Opinion In Immunology, 6(2), 238-47, April 1994 Abstract
  • Clark E A, Ledbetter J A, How B and T cells talk to each other., Nature, 367(6462), 425-8, 3 Feb 1994 Abstract
  • Yellin M J, Sippel K, Inghirami G, Covey L R, Lee J J, Sinning J, Clark E A, Chess L, Lederman S, CD40 molecules induce down-modulation and endocytosis of T cell surface T cell-B cell activating molecule/CD40-L. Potential role in regulating helper effector function., Journal of Immunology, 152(2), 598-608, 15 Jan 1994 Abstract
  • Clark E A, Berberich I, Klaus S J, Law C L, Sidorenko S P, Accessory molecules that influence signaling through B lymphocyte antigen receptors., Advances In Experimental Medicine and Biology, 365, 35-43, 1994 Abstract
  • Heath A W, Chang R, Harada N, Santos-Argumedo L, Gordon J, Hannum C, Campbell D, Shanafelt A B, Clark E A, Torres R, et al, Antibodies to murine CD40 stimulate normal B lymphocytes but inhibit proliferation of B lymphoma cells., Cellular Immunology, 152(2), 468-80, December 1993 Abstract
  • Polacino P S, Liang H A, Firpo E J, Clark E A, T-cell activation influences initial DNA synthesis of simian immunodeficiency virus in resting T lymphocytes from macaques., Journal of Virology, 67(12), 7008-16, December 1993 Abstract
  • Deans J P, Schieven G L, Shu G L, Valentine M A, Gilliland L A, Aruffo A, Clark E A, Ledbetter J A, Association of tyrosine and serine kinases with the B cell surface antigen CD20. Induction via CD20 of tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 and PLC phospholipase C-gamma, Journal of Immunology, 151(9), 4494-504, 1 Nov 1993 Abstract
  • Sidorenko S P, Clark E A, Characterization of a cell surface glycoprotein IPO-3, expressed on activated human B and T lymphocytes., Journal of Immunology, 151(9), 4614-24, 1 Nov 1993 Abstract
  • Genot E M, Meier K E, Licciardi K A, Ahn N G, Uittenbogaart C H, Wietzerbin J, Clark E A, Valentine M A, Phosphorylation of CD20 in cells from a hairy cell leukemia cell line. Evidence for involvement of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II., Journal of Immunology, 151(1), 71-82, 1 Jul 1993 Abstract
  • Law C L, Torres R M, Sundberg H A, Parkhouse R M, Brannan C I, Copeland N G, Jenkins N A, Clark E A, Organization of the murine Cd22 locus. Mapping to chromosome 7 and characterization of two alleles., Journal of Immunology, 151(1), 175-87, 1 Jul 1993 Abstract
  • Clark E A, CD22, a B cell-specific receptor, mediates adhesion and signal transduction., Journal of Immunology, 150(11), 4715-8, 1 Jun 1993 Abstract
  • Leprince C, Draves K E, Geahlen R L, Ledbetter J A, Clark E A, CD22 associates with the human surface IgM-B-cell antigen receptor complex., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 90(8), 3236-40, 15 Apr 1993 Abstract
  • Valentine M A, Licciardi K A, Clark E A, Krebs E G, Meier K E, Insulin regulates serine/threonine phosphorylation in activated human B lymphocytes., Journal of Immunology, 150(1), 96-105, 1 Jan 1993 Abstract
  • Grimaldi J C, Torres R, Kozak C A, Chang R, Clark E A, Howard M, Cockayne D A, Genomic structure and chromosomal mapping of the murine CD40 gene., Journal of Immunology, 149(12), 3921-6, 15 Dec 1992 Abstract
  • Torres R M, Law C L, Santos-Argumedo L, Kirkham P A, Grabstein K, Parkhouse R M, Clark E A, Identification and characterization of the murine homologue of CD22, a B lymphocyte-restricted adhesion molecule., Journal of Immunology, 149(8), 2641-9, 15 Oct 1992 Abstract
  • Leprince C, Draves K E, Ledbetter J A, Torres R M, Clark E A, Characterization of molecular components associated with surface immunoglobulin M in human B lymphocytes: presence of tyrosine and serine/threonine protein kinases., European Journal of Immunology, 22(8), 2093-9, August 1992 Abstract
  • Fanslow W C, Anderson D M, Grabstein K H, Clark E A, Cosman D, Armitage R J, Soluble forms of CD40 inhibit biologic responses of human B cells., Journal of Immunology, 149(2), 655-60, 15 Jul 1992 Abstract
  • Young J W, Koulova L, Soergel S A, Clark E A, Steinman R M, Dupont B, The B7/BB1 antigen provides one of several costimulatory signals for the activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes by human blood dendritic cells in vitro [published erratum appears in J Clin Invest 1993 Apr;9, Journal of Clinical Investigation, 90(1), 229-37, July 1992 Abstract
  • McConnell F M, Shears S B, Lane P J, Scheibel M S, Clark E A, Relationships between the degree of cross-linking of surface immunoglobulin and the associated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and Ca2+ signals in human B cells., Biochemical Journal, 284 ( Pt 2), 447-55, 1 Jun 1992 Abstract
  • Clark E A, Grabstein K H, Shu G L, Cultured human follicular dendritic cells. Growth characteristics and interactions with B lymphocytes., Journal of Immunology, 148(11), 3327-35, 1 Jun 1992 Abstract
  • Valentine M A, Bursten S L, Harris W E, Draves K E, Pollok B A, Ostrowski J, Bomsztyk K, Clark E A, Generation of phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerols following ligation of surface immunoglobulin in human B lymphocytes: potential role in PKC activation., Cellular Immunology, 141(2), 373-87, May 1992 Abstract
  • Indzhiia L V, Yakovleva L A, Overbaugh J, Licciardi K A, Chikobava M G, Klotz I N, Torres R, Indzhiia V O, Lapin B A, Clark E A, et al, Baboon T cell lymphomas expressing the B cell-associated surface proteins CD40 and Bgp95., Journal of Clinical Immunology, 12(3), 225-36, May 1992 Abstract
  • Firpo P P, Axberg I, Scheibel M, Clark E A, Macaque CD4+ T-cell subsets: influence of activation on infection by simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV)., Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 8(3), 357-66, March 1992 Abstract
  • Afar B, Engel D, Clark E A, Activated lymphocyte subsets in adult periodontitis., Journal of Periodontal Research, 27(2), 126-33, March 1992 Abstract
  • Torres R M, Clark E A, Differential increase of an alternatively polyadenylated mRNA species of murine CD40 upon B lymphocyte activation., Journal of Immunology, 148(2), 620-6, 15 Jan 1992 Abstract
  • Lane P J, McConnell F M, Clark E A, Mellins E, Rapid signaling to B cells by antigen-specific T cells requires CD18/CD54 interaction., Journal of Immunology, 147(12), 4103-8, 15 Dec 1991 Abstract
  • Afar B, Merrill J, Clark E A, Detection of lymphocyte subsets using three-color/single-laser flow cytometry and the fluorescent dye peridinin chlorophyll-alpha protein., Journal of Clinical Immunology, 11(5), 254-61, September 1991 Abstract
  • Agy M B, Foy K, Gale M J, Benveniste R E, Clark E A, Katze M G, Viral and cellular gene expression in CD4+ human lymphoid cell lines infected by the simian immunodeficiency virus, SIV/Mne., Virology, 183(1), 170-80, July 1991 Abstract
  • Axberg I, Gale M J Jr, Afar B, Clark E A, Characterization of T-cell subsets and T-cell receptor subgroups in pigtailed macaques using two- and three-color flow cytometry., Journal of Clinical Immunology, 11(4), 193-204, July 1991 Abstract
  • Valentine M A, Widmer M B, Ledbetter J A, Pinault F, Voice R, Clark E A, Gallis B, Brautigan D L, Interleukin 2 stimulates serine phosphorylation of CD45 in CTLL-2.4 cells., European Journal of Immunology, 21(4), 913-9, April 1991 Abstract
  • Barrett T B, Shu G, Clark E A, CD40 signaling activates CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1)-mediated adhesion in B cells., Journal of Immunology, 146(6), 1722-9, 15 Mar 1991 Abstract
  • Zhang K, Clark E A, Saxon A, CD40 stimulation provides an IFN-gamma-independent and IL-4-dependent differentiation signal directly to human B cells for IgE production., Journal of Immunology, 146(6), 1836-42, 15 Mar 1991 Abstract
  • Koulova L, Clark E A, Shu G, Dupont B, The CD28 ligand B7/BB1 provides costimulatory signal for alloactivation of CD4+ T cells., Journal of Experimental Medicine, 173(3), 759-62, 1 Mar 1991 Abstract
  • White M W, McConnell F, Shu G L, Morris D R, Clark E A, Activation of dense human tonsilar B cells. Induction of c-myc gene expression via two distinct signal transduction pathways., Journal of Immunology, 146(3), 846-53, 1 Feb 1991 Abstract
  • Lane P J, Ledbetter J A, McConnell F M, Draves K, Deans J, Schieven G L, Clark E A, The role of tyrosine phosphorylation in signal transduction through surface Ig in human B cells. Inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation prevents intracellular calcium release., Journal of Immunology, 146(2), 715-22, 15 Jan 1991 Abstract
  • Clark E A, Lane P J, Regulation of human B-cell activation and adhesion., Annual Review of Immunology, 9, 97-127, 1991 Abstract
  • Clark E A, Shu G, Association between IL-6 and CD40 signaling. IL-6 induces phosphorylation of CD40 receptors., Journal of Immunology, 145(5), 1400-6, 1 Sep 1990 Abstract
  • Inui S, Kaisho T, Kikutani H, Stamenkovic I, Seed B, Clark E A, Kishimoto T, Identification of the intracytoplasmic region essential for signal transduction through a B cell activation molecule, CD40., European Journal of Immunology, 20(8), 1747-53, August 1990 Abstract
  • Linsley P S, Clark E A, Ledbetter J A, T-cell antigen CD28 mediates adhesion with B cells by interacting with activation antigen B7/BB-1., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 87(13), 5031-5, July 1990 Abstract
  • Clark E A, CD40: a cytokine receptor in search of a ligand., Tissue Antigens, 36(1), 33-6, July 1990 Abstract
  • Willerford D M, Gale M J Jr, Benveniste R E, Clark E A, Gallatin W M, Simian immunodeficiency virus is restricted to a subset of blood CD4+ lymphocytes that includes memory cells., Journal of Immunology, 144(10), 3779-83, 15 May 1990 Abstract
  • Lane P J, McConnell F M, Schieven G L, Clark E A, Ledbetter J A, The role of class II molecules in human B cell activation. Association with phosphatidyl inositol turnover, protein tyrosine phosphorylation, and proliferation., Journal of Immunology, 144(10), 3684-92, 15 May 1990 Abstract
  • Barrett T B, Shu G L, Draves K E, Pezzutto A, Clark E A, Signaling through CD19, Fc receptors or transforming growth factor-beta: each inhibits the activation of resting human B cells differently., European Journal of Immunology, 20(5), 1053-9, May 1990 Abstract
  • Kuller L, Morton W R, Benveniste R E, Tsai C C, Clark E A, Gale M J, Hu S L, Thouless M E, Katze M G, Inoculation of Macaca fascicularis with simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVmne immunologic, serologic, and pathologic changes., Journal of Medical Primatology, 19(3-4), 367-80, 1990 Abstract
  • Gale M J Jr, Ledbetter J A, Schieven G L, Jonker M, Morton W R, Benveniste R E, Clark E A, CD4 and CD8 T cells from SIV-infected macaques have defective signaling responses after perturbation of either CD3 or CD2 receptors., International Immunology, 2(9), 849-58, 1990 Abstract
  • Clark E A, Ledbetter J A, Leukocyte cell surface enzymology: CD45 (LCA, T200) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase., Immunology Today, 10(7), 225-8, July 1989 Abstract
  • Morton W R, Kuller L, Benveniste R E, Clark E A, Tsai C C, Gale M J, Thouless M E, Overbaugh J, Katze M G, Transmission of the simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmne in macaques and baboons., Journal of Medical Primatology, 18(3-4), 237-45, 1989 Abstract
  • Alvord, Jr. E.C., Rose, L.M., Hruby, S., Richards, T.L., Petersen, R., Shaw, C.-M., Clark, E.A., Ericsson, L.H., Stewart, W.A., Paty, D.W., Kies, M.W., Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in non-human primates: and excellent model of multiple sclerosis, Biomedical Research in Primates, 31-49, 1988
  • Makgoba, M.W., Sanders, M.E., Ginther Luce, G.E., Dustin, M.L., Mannoni, P., Clark, E.A., Springer, T.A., and Shaw, S, A cluster of antibodies (RR1/1, LB-2, and 84HlO) which inhibit LFA-1-depenent lymphonic and myeloid cell adhesion bind intercellular adhesion molecue-1 (ICAM-1), Immunobiology of HLA, 577-580, 1988
  • Ledbetter, J.A., Tsu, T., Norris, N.A., and Clark, E.A., Characterization of a new 80-85kD B cell-associated antigen cluster group with monoclonal antibodies G28-8 and G28-10, Leucocyte Typing III, White Cell DIfferentiation Antigens, Chapter B1.7, 349-35, 1987
  • Ledbetter, J.A., Shu, G., and Clark, E.A., Monoclonal antibodies to a new 39-43 kD B-cell-associated cluster group modulate B cell proliferation, Leucocyte Typing III, White Cell Differentiation Antigens, Chapter B1.2, 339-34, 1987
  • Ledbetter, J.A., Clark, E.A., Norris, N., Shu, G., and Hellstrom, I, Expression of a functional B cell receptor Bp50 on carcinomas and carcinoma cell lines, Leucocyte Typing III, White Cell Differentiation Antigens, Chapter B3.7, 432-43, 1987
  • Pezzutto, A., Dorken, G., Moldenhauer, G., Rabinovitch, P.S., and Clark, E.A., Functionally different subpopulations of B cells are defined by CD22 expression and two color flow cytometry, Leucocyte Typing III: White Cell Differentiation Antigens, Chapter B1.15, 364-3, 1987
  • Rabinovich, P.S., Clark, E.A., Pezzuto, A., Ledbetter, J.A., and Draves, K.E., Modulation of human B-cell activationwith Workshop monoclonal antibodies to B-cell-associated differentiation antigens, Leucocyte Typing III, White Cell Differentiation Antigens, Chapter B3.8, 435-43, 1987
  • Valentine, M., Shu, G., Gaur, L.K., Ledbetter, J.A., and Clark, E.A., Structure and function of the B cell specific 35/37 kD CD20 protein, Leucocyte Typing III: White Cell Differentiation Antigens, Chapter B3.9, 440-44, 1987
  • Clark, E.A., Shu, G., and Ledbetter, J.A., Activation of human B cells with monoclonal antibody to the Bp35 cell surface polypeptide, Leukocyte Typing 11, 2, Human B Lymphocyt(Chapter 38), 455-462, 1986
  • Clark, E.A. and Einfeld, D., Human B cell surface molecules defined by an international workshop panel of monoclonal antibodies, Leukocyte Typing II, 2, Human B Lymphocty, Chapter 12, 155-167, 1986
  • Martin, P.J., Ledbetter, J.A., Beatty, P.G., Clark, E.A., and Hansen, J.A., Studies of T cell proliferation induced by monoclonal antibodies of the Seond International Workshop, Leukocyte Typing II, 1, Human B Lymphocyt, 147-156, 1986
  • Rose, L.M., Clark, E.A., Ginsburg, A., Ledbetter, J.A., Hruby, S., Alvord, E.C. Jr., Modulation of a subset of CD4+ (T4) 'T helper' cells in active multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in macaques, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 475, 418-419, 1986
  • Clark, E.A., Rose, L.M., Shu, G., Dindorf, P.A., Bernstein, I.D., and Ledbetter, J.A., Quantitative expression and function of differentiation antigens on normal and malignant lymphoid cells, Modern Trends in Human Leukemia VI, 455-460, 1985
  • Ledbetter, J.A., Martin, P.J., and Clark, E.A., mantle zone and germinal center B cells respond to different activation signals, Immune Regulation, 197-206, 1985
  • Ledbetter, J.A., Tsu, T.T., Draves, K., and Clark, E.A., Differential expression of pan T cell antigens on human T cell subsets, Perspectives in Immunogenetics and Histocompatibility, 6, Lymphocyte Surfac, 325-340, 1985
  • Clark, E.A., and Yokochi, T., Human B cell and B cell blast-associated surface molecules defined with monoclonal antibodies, Lucocyte Typing: Monoclonal Antibodies, 339-346, 1984
  • Hansen, J.A., Martin, P.J., Beatty, P.G., Clark, E.A., and Ledbetter, J.A., humna T lymphocyte surface molecules defined by the workshop protocol, Llucocyte typing: Human Leucocyte Markers Detected by Monoclonal Antibodies, 195-212, 1984
  • Engel, D., Clark, E.A., Chi, E., and Clagett, J.A., Genetic aspects of responsiveness to B-cell mitogens in mice, Developments in Immunology 16, 95-103, 1982
  • Clark, E.A., Roths, J.B., Murphy, E.D., Ledbetter, J. A., and Clagett, J.A., the beige (bg) gene influences the development of autoimmune disease in SB/Le male mice, NK Cells and Other Natural Effector Cells, 301-306, 1982
  • Windsor, N.T., and Clark, E.A., NK cell activation in SM/J mice, NK Cells and Other Natural Effector Cells, 307-312, 1982
  • Bernstein, I.D., Nowinski, R.C., Tam, M.R., McMaster, B., Huston, L., and Clark, E.A., Monoclonal antibody therapy for mouse leukemia, Monoclonal Antibodies, 275-291, 1980
  • Clark, E.A., Windsor, N.T., Sturge, J.C., and Stanton, T.H., Mutations that influence natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity in rodents, Natural Cell-Mediated Immunity Against Tumors, 417-429, 1980
  • Clark, E.A., and Harmon, R.C., The phylogeny of mammalian histocompatibility, Transplantation Proceedings 11, 1113-1117, 1979
  • Harmon, R.C., Clark, E.A., Klein, J., and Hildemann, W.H., H-2D-associated hybrid resistance to EL-4, Transplantation Proceedings 11, 1353-1354, 1979
  • Clark, E.A., Lake, P., Mitchison, N.A., and Winchester, G., New ideas about selftolerance and auto-immunity, Immunology 1978, 3-16, 1979
  • Clark, E.A., Lake, P., Mitchison, N.A., and Nakashima, I., Alternative routes of entry for cell surface antigens into the immune system, Natural and Induced Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity, 157-163, 1979
  • Associative recognition in the response to alloantigens (and xenogenisation of alloantigens), Gann Monographs in Cancer Research 23, 185-192, 1979
  • Clark, E.A., Natural killer cells, Manipulation of the Immune Response in Cancer, 159-164, 1978
  • O'Toole, C., and Clark, E.A., Guidelines for the microcytotoxicity assay, In Vitro Methods in Cell Mediated and Tumor Immunity, 437-449, 1976
  • Fine, S., Clark, E.A., Fine, R.N., and Terasaki, P., Cadaveric kidney preservation: a comparison of Sacks solution to other preservation methods, Transplantation Proceedings 7, 564-567, 1975
  • Opelz, G., Clark, E.S., and Terasaki, P.I., Risk factors in human renal transplantation, Proceedings of Dialysis Transplant Forum, 139-140, 1974

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