Prof. Gary S. Collins |
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Washington State University College of Sciences Department of Physics and Astronomy ProfessorAppointed: 1985 |  |
Mailing AddressWebster Physical Sciences Building Washington State University Pullman, Washington 99164-2814United States | Contact InformationPhone: (509) 335-1354 Fax: (509) 335-7816 collins@wsu.edu http://defects.physics.wsu.edu/gary_collins.html |
Expertise and Research Interests
My group and I study the atom-scale structure of solids using radioactive probe methods. Interactions of nuclear moments with hyperfine fields arising from nearby charges and spins are used to determine lattice locations of tracer atoms, resolve and identify neighboring point defects, and measure jump frequencies of defects or of the tracer atoms themselves. We primarily apply the technique of perturbed angular correlation of gamma rays (PAC), and are about the only research group in North America using PAC to study solids.
Current interests: (1) Lattice locations of dilute impurities in intermetallic compounds determined through the nuclear quadrupole interaction. Solutes switch among substitutional, interstitial, and grain-boundary sites in response to changes in composition or temperature. We are developing a systematic body of data through measurements on a variety of intermetallic phases. (2) Diffusion of tracer atoms studied via nuclear quadrupolar relaxation. When atomic jumps of PAC probe atoms lead to a reorientation or change in magnitude of the electric field gradient, PAC spectra exhibit relaxation (damping) that can be fitted using stochastic relaxation models to obtain the precise jump frequency. The temperature dependence gives the activation enthalpy of the jump mechanism. The jump frequencies are proportional to the macroscopic diffusivity and have precision as good as in diffusivity studies with much less effort. (3) Determining the type of vacancy in an AB binary compound that is most responsible for vacancy diffusion. We have discovered a method to identify whether the A- or B-vacancy is primarily responsible for diffusion for diffusion of specific tracer atoms. Application of the method shows recently that, in a series of indium compounds with lanthanide elements, In-vacancies are predominantly responsible for diffusion in the "heavy" lanthanide indides and lanthanide-vacancies in the "light" lanthanide indides. Such a change in diffusion mechanism is surprising in light of the great chemical similarity of rare-earth elements.
Earlier interests: In the 1980's, our research was focussed on point defects in metals. Lattice vacancies or solute atoms produce disturbances of the hyperfine interactions at nearby probe nuclei that serve to "flag" the defects. In the 1990's we turned to study point defects in simple intermetallic compounds such as NiAl, including hydrogen atoms, substitutional solutes, vacancies, host-interstitials and antisite atoms. Findings have included identification of mobile vacancy clusters in pure metals, determining lattice locations of impurity atoms, and measuring activation enthalpies for defect formation, migration and binding. We also studied production of point defects during plastic deformation and monitored vacancy-interstitial annihilation reactions via transformations among trapped vacancy clusters of different sizes. Earlier work with Chris Hohenemser at Clark University included also studies of hyperfine field shifts in disordered magnetic alloys using PAC and measurements of static and dynamical critical exponents of 3d magnets.
This research has been supported since 1981 through eight major grants from the Metals Program of the National Science Foundation and, more recently, by a research fund set up by a former student. Tutorial information and paper downloads can be found at http://defects.physics.wsu.edu/.
Current interests: (1) Lattice locations of dilute impurities in intermetallic compounds determined through the nuclear quadrupole interaction. Solutes switch among substitutional, interstitial, and grain-boundary sites in response to changes in composition or temperature. We are developing a systematic body of data through measurements on a variety of intermetallic phases. (2) Diffusion of tracer atoms studied via nuclear quadrupolar relaxation. When atomic jumps of PAC probe atoms lead to a reorientation or change in magnitude of the electric field gradient, PAC spectra exhibit relaxation (damping) that can be fitted using stochastic relaxation models to obtain the precise jump frequency. The temperature dependence gives the activation enthalpy of the jump mechanism. The jump frequencies are proportional to the macroscopic diffusivity and have precision as good as in diffusivity studies with much less effort. (3) Determining the type of vacancy in an AB binary compound that is most responsible for vacancy diffusion. We have discovered a method to identify whether the A- or B-vacancy is primarily responsible for diffusion for diffusion of specific tracer atoms. Application of the method shows recently that, in a series of indium compounds with lanthanide elements, In-vacancies are predominantly responsible for diffusion in the "heavy" lanthanide indides and lanthanide-vacancies in the "light" lanthanide indides. Such a change in diffusion mechanism is surprising in light of the great chemical similarity of rare-earth elements.
Earlier interests: In the 1980's, our research was focussed on point defects in metals. Lattice vacancies or solute atoms produce disturbances of the hyperfine interactions at nearby probe nuclei that serve to "flag" the defects. In the 1990's we turned to study point defects in simple intermetallic compounds such as NiAl, including hydrogen atoms, substitutional solutes, vacancies, host-interstitials and antisite atoms. Findings have included identification of mobile vacancy clusters in pure metals, determining lattice locations of impurity atoms, and measuring activation enthalpies for defect formation, migration and binding. We also studied production of point defects during plastic deformation and monitored vacancy-interstitial annihilation reactions via transformations among trapped vacancy clusters of different sizes. Earlier work with Chris Hohenemser at Clark University included also studies of hyperfine field shifts in disordered magnetic alloys using PAC and measurements of static and dynamical critical exponents of 3d magnets.
This research has been supported since 1981 through eight major grants from the Metals Program of the National Science Foundation and, more recently, by a research fund set up by a former student. Tutorial information and paper downloads can be found at http://defects.physics.wsu.edu/.
Other Expertise
Associate Editor, Editorial Board, Hyperfine Interactions
Editorial Advisory Board, Materials Science Foundations
International Advisory Committees, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th International Conferences on Hyperfine Interactions, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010
Organizing Committee, International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions, 2001
International Committee, Nuclear Quadrupole Interaction Symposia (1999-2004, 2007-10)
Co-chair, Local Organizing Committee, Northwest Section Meeting, American Physical Society, May 2004, Moscow, ID and Pullman, WA
Review panels: Materials Science Program, Department of Energy; CAREER proposals, National Science Foundation
Referee or reviewer of 349 journal manuscripts and research proposals
2002: Short-term visits to: Universities of Groningen, The Saarlandes, Paderborn, Leipzig, Goettingen, Vienna and the Technical University of Vienna
2008: WIEN2k computer program user's workshop, Technical University of Vienna, March.
2008: ISOLDE user's workshop, CERN, Geneva, November.
2008: Short-term visits to: Universities of the Saarlandes, Leipzig, Muenster, Hannover, and the Helmholtz Center in Berlin.
Editorial Advisory Board, Materials Science Foundations
International Advisory Committees, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th International Conferences on Hyperfine Interactions, 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010
Organizing Committee, International Conference on Hyperfine Interactions, 2001
International Committee, Nuclear Quadrupole Interaction Symposia (1999-2004, 2007-10)
Co-chair, Local Organizing Committee, Northwest Section Meeting, American Physical Society, May 2004, Moscow, ID and Pullman, WA
Review panels: Materials Science Program, Department of Energy; CAREER proposals, National Science Foundation
Referee or reviewer of 349 journal manuscripts and research proposals
2002: Short-term visits to: Universities of Groningen, The Saarlandes, Paderborn, Leipzig, Goettingen, Vienna and the Technical University of Vienna
2008: WIEN2k computer program user's workshop, Technical University of Vienna, March.
2008: ISOLDE user's workshop, CERN, Geneva, November.
2008: Short-term visits to: Universities of the Saarlandes, Leipzig, Muenster, Hannover, and the Helmholtz Center in Berlin.
Future Research
New directions include jump frequency measurements in other intermetallic compounds, including pseudo-binary phases in which one sublattice in a compound is occupied randomly by two different elements. It will be interesting to see how diffusion in the random landscape of a pseudo-binary differs from that in a uniform phase. Studies are planned on ternary phases related to binary phases already studied. Future studies may be carried out also on semiconducting and insulating compounds.
Industrial Relevance
This project is fundamental in scope and has potential industrial relevance, although not obvious.
Languages
(Reading, Writing, Speaking)
French: (Fluent, Functional, Functional)
German: (Basic, Basic, Basic)
Dutch: (Basic, None, None)
Memberships
American Association of University Professors
American Physical Society
Materials Research Society
The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Honors and Awards
2006, Praveen Sinha Fund for Physics Research,
Praveen Sinha
1983-1985,
Creativity Grant Extension Award (two-year grant extension with increase in funding),
Metals Program, Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation
Previous Positions
1996-1996, Visiting Scientist,
University of Konstanz,
Nucleare Festkoerperphysik
1995-1996, Visiting Scientist,
University of Groningen,
Nucleare Vaste-Stof Fysica
1979-1985, Research Assistant Professor,
Clark University,
Physics
1977-1979, Postdoctoral Fellow,
Clark University,
Physics
1976-1977, Coadjutant Instructor,
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey
Funding Received
- ISOLDE, European Organization for Nuclear Research: Radiotracer diffusion in semiconductors and metallic compounds using short-lived isotopes (spokesperson: Manfred Deicher; CERN proposal stamp CERN-INTC-2009-013 / INTC-P-261), 2009 to 2012.
- National Science Foundation (NSF), DMR 09-04096: Diffusion in rare earth binary and ternary intermetallics studied using PAC, PI, $405,000, 2009 to 2012.
- National Science Foundation (NSF), Teragrid Computing Project (startup grant, DMR 090131): Defect energies and diffusion mechanisms in intermetallics, PI, 2009 to 2010.
- Praveen Sinha Fund for Physics Research (established by a former PhD student): Praveen Sinha, 2006 to .
- National Science Foundation (NSF), DMR 05-04843: Lattice location of solutes and diffusion in intermetallics, PI, $500,000, 2005 to 2009.
- National Science Foundation (NSF), DMR 00-91681: Studies of point defects in intermetallics using PAC, PI, $419,556, 2001 to 2004.
- National Science Foundation (NSF), DMR 96-12306: Defects and diffusion in intermetallic compounds, PI, $356,320, 1996 to 1999.
- National Science Foundation (NSF), DMR 93-13702: Point defects in intermetallic compounds, PI, $325,000, 1993 to 1996.
- National Science Foundation (NSF), DMR 90-14163: Atomic structure and defects in metals and alloys studied by hyperfine interactions, PI, $275,000, 1990 to 1993.
- National Science Foundation (NSF), CTS 89-12430: Synthesis and physical properties of nanoclusters, Associate Invest. (PIs C. Crowe and H. Hamilton), $450,000, 1989 to 1992.
- National Science Foundation (NSF), DMR 86-19688: Point defects in metals studied by hyperfine interactions, PI, $240,000, 1987 to 1990.
- National Science Foundation (NSF), DMR 83-03611: Hyperfine interaction studies of magnetic critical phenomena, co-PI (PI Chris Hohenemser), $327,660, 1983 to 1986.
- National Science Foundation (NSF), DMR 81-08307: Lattice defects in metals studied by hyperfine interactions, PI (co-PI Chris Hohenemser), $258,468, 1981 to 1986.
- National Science Foundation (NSF), DMR 80-02443: Hyperfine interaction studies of metals with applications to critical phenomena, co-PI (PI Chris Hohenemser), $183,353, 1980 to 1983.
Publications
- Gary S. Collins, Xia Jiang, John P. Bevington, Farida Selim, Matthew O. Zacate (2009) Change of diffusion mechanism with lattice parameter in the series of lanthanide indides having L12 structure, Physical Review Letters, 102, 155901
- Xia Jiang, Matthew O. Zacate, Gary S. Collins (2009) Jump frequencies of Cd tracer atoms in L12 lanthanide gallides, Defect and Diffusion Forum, 289-292, 725
- Stephanie Lage, Gary S. Collins (2009) Motion of cadmium tracer atoms in Al11R3 phases (R= La, Ce, Pr), Defect and Diffusion Forum, 289-292, 755
- John P. Bevington, Farida Selim, Gary S. Collins (2008) Site preferences of indium impurity atoms in intermetallics having the Al3Ti and Al3Zr crystal structures, Hyperfine Interactions, 177 (1-3)
- Farida Selim, John P. Bevington, Gary S. Collins (2008) Diffusion of 111Cd probes in Ga7Pt3 studied using nuclear quadrupole relaxation, Hyperfine Interactions, 178 (1-3)
- Egbert R. Nieuwenhuis, Matthew O. Zacate, Gary S. Collins (2007) Simultaneous measurement of tracer jump frequencies on different sublattices in Ga7Pd3 using PAC, Defect and Diffusion Forum, 264, 27-32
- Gary S. Collins (2007) Nonstoichiometry in line compounds, Journal of Materials Science, 42, 1915-1919
- E.R. Niewenhuis, Gary S. Collins, Aurélie Favrot and Matthew O. Zacate, High temperature polymorph of In2La, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 387(1-2), 20-23, 25 Jan 2005
- G. S. Collins, A. Favrot, L. Kang, D. Solodovnikov and M.O. Zacate, Diffusion in intermetallic compounds studied using nuclear quadrupole relaxation, Defect and Diffusion Forum, 237-240, 195-200, 2005
- Matthew O. Zacate and Gary S. Collins, Jump frequency of Cd tracer atoms in beta-Mn, Defect and Diffusion Forum, 237-240, 396-401, 2005
- Gary S. Collins, Aurélie Favrot, Li Kang, Egbert Rein Nieuwenhuis, Denys Solidovnikov, Jipeng Wang and Matthew O. Zacate, PAC probes as diffusion tracers in solids, Hyperfine Interactions, 159, 1-8, 2004
- Egbert R. Nieuwenhuis, Aurélie Favrot, Li Kang, Matthew O. Zacate and Gary S. Collins, Polymorphic phase transformation in In2La and CeIn2, Hyperfine Interactions, 158, 305-8, 2004
- Matthew O. Zacate and Gary S. Collins, Composition-driven changes in lattice sites occupied by indium solutes in Ni2Al3 phases, Physical Review B, 70, 24202, 2004
- Matthew O. Zacate and Gary S. Collins, Temperature- and composition-driven changes in site occupation of solutes in Gd1+3xAl2-3x, Physical Review B, 69, 174202, 2004
- Matthew O. Zacate, Aurélie Favrot and Gary S. Collins, Atom Movement in In3La studied via Nuclear Quadrupole Relaxation, Physical Review Letters, 92, 225901, 2004
- Gary S. Collins, Luke S.-J. Peng and Matthew O. Zacate, Point defects in FeAl studied by perturbed angular correlation, Defect and Diffusion Forum, 213-215, 107-132, 2003
- Gary S. Collins and Matthew O. Zacate, Charge transfer model for quadrupole interactions and binding energies of point defects with 111In/Cd probes in cubic metals, Hyperfine Interactions, 151(1), 77-91, 01 Jan 2003
- Collins, Gary S. and Zacate, Matthew O., Influences of lattice sinks and defect interactions on solutes in compounds, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 719, F8.19.1-F8.19.6, 2002
- Matthew O. Zacate, Gary S. Collins and Luke S.-J. Peng, Nucleation of a second phase by individual impurity atoms, Materials Science and Engineering A, 329-331, 920-924, 2002
- Collins, Gary S. and Nieuwenhuis, Harmen Thys, Vacancy jumps in PdIn: reconciling nuclear relaxation and diffusion measurements, Defect and Diffusion Forum, 194-199, 375-83, 2001
- Zacate, Matthew O. and Collins, Gary S., Vacancy-vacancy interactions in NiAl, Defect and Diffusion Forum, 194-199, 383-88, 2001
- Grow, Taylor D., Plamondon, Stephanie, Evenson, William E. and Collins, Gary S., Stochastic model of PAC nuclear relaxation caused by defects hopping on a simple cubic lattice, Hyperfine Interactions, 136/137, 627-632, 2001
- Zacate, Matthew O., Walsh, Bonner C., Peng, Luke S.-J. and Collins, Gary S., Segregation of solutes in two-phase mixtures, Hyperfine Interactions, 136/137, 653-658, 2001
- Zacate, Matthew O. and Collins, Gary S., Site preferences of hyperfine impurities in Ni2Al3 phases, Hyperfine Interactions, 136/137, 647-652, 2001
- Collins, Gary S. and Zacate, Matthew O., Site preference model for hyperfine impurities in compounds, Hyperfine Interactions, 136/137, 641-646, 2001
- Collins, Gary S., Peng, Luke S.-J., and Zacate, Matthew O., Search for nucleation of phase embryos in binary alloys by impurity atoms, Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung, 55a, 129-133, 2000
- Collins, Gary S. and Sinha, Praveen, Structural, thermal and deformation-induced point defects in PdIn, Hyperfine Interactions, 130, 151-179, 2000
- Guest Editor: Collins, Gary S., Hyperfine Interactions in Nanocrystalline Materials, Hyperfine Interactions, 130(1-4), 2000
- Bai, Bin, Collins, Gary S., Equilibrium defects and concentrations in nickel aluminide, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 552, KK8.7.1-6, 1999
- Collins, Gary S., Peng, Luke S.-J., Wei, Mingzhong, Thermal defects in B2 iron aluminide, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 552, KK4.2.1-6, 1999
- Xu, J., Collins, Gary S., Peng, Luke S.-J., Atzmon, M., Deformation-assisted decomposition of unstable Fe50Cu50 solid solution during low-energy ball milling, Acta Materialia, 47, 1241-53, 1999
- Peng Luke S, Collins Gary S, Point defects and the B2 to fcc transformation in milled FeRh, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 481, 631-636, 1998
- Bai, Bin, Collins, Gary S., Nieuwenhuis, Harmen Thys, Wei, Mingzhong, Evenson, William E., Stochastic vacancy motion in B2 intermetallics studied by PAC, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 527, 210-215, 1998
- Bai, Bin, Fan, Jiawen, Collins, G.S., Vacancy mobility in nickel aluminide versus composition, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 527, 203-208, 1998
- Collins, G.S., Fan, J. and Bai, B.,, Equilibrium point defects in NiAl and similar B2 intermetallics studied by PAC, in Structural Intermetallics 1997, 43-53, 1997
- Gary S. Collins and L. S.-J. Peng, Disordering of FeAl by mechanical milling, Materials Science Forum, 235-238, 535, 1997
- Peng L S, Collins G S, Disordering of FeAl by mechanical milling, Materials Science Forum, 235-238(pt 2), 535-540, 20 May 1996
- Collins, G.S. and Sinha, P., Atomic defects and disorder in mechanically-milled intermetallic compounds, Materials Science Forum, 225-227, 275, 1996
- L. S.-J. Peng and Gary S. Collins, Point defects in FeAl, Il Nuovo Cimento, 18D, 329, 1996
- Collins, G.S., Sinha, P. and Wei, M., Point defects in B2 intermetallic compounds, Hyperfine Interactions (C), 1, 380, 1996
- Collins Gary S, Sinha Praveen, New approach to study vacancy defects in high-temperature intermetallic compounds, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 364(1), 59-64, 28 Nov 1994
- Xia Q, Hamilton C H, Recknagle K, Crowe C T, Collins G S, Mechanical characteristics of nanostructure zinc, Materials Science Forum, 170-172, 147-152, 24 May 1994
- Collins Gary S, Meeves Bruce H, Formation of FeCo by mechanical alloying, Scripta Metallurgica et Materialia, 29(10), 1319-1323, 1993
- Collins, Gary S., Shropshire, Steven L. and Fan, Jiawen, Perturbed gamma-gamma angular correlations: a spectroscopy for point defects in metals and alloys, Hyperfine Interactions, 62, 1-34, 1990
- The above publications are selected out of a total of about 92, for a complete list, see http://defects.physics.wsu.edu/cv.pdf, 1977-2005, 01 Jan 1977
Keywords
COS Keywords:
Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter Physics, Intermetallics, Materials, Structure and Phase, Metals Or Alloys, Solid State Physics, Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics, Ultrafine Microstructure.Additional Terms:
Antisite Atom, Atomic Defects in Solids, Atomic Jump Frequency, Atomic Scale Characterization, Condensed Matter Physics, Diffusion, Diffusion Mechanism, Equilibrium Defect, Hydrogen in Metals, Intermetallic Compound, Lattice Location, Metal, Moessbauer Effect, Nuclear Hyperfine Interaction, Nuclear Quadrupolar Relaxation, Nuclear Solid State Physics, Perturbed Angular Correlation, Point Defect, Site Occupancy, Site Preference, Site Selection, Solid State Physics, Vacancy.Profile Details
Last Updated: 9/9/2009
COS Expertise ID #325289
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