Dr. Stanley C. Froehner

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University of Washington
School of Medicine
Physiology and Biophysics
ChairAppointed: 2000
University of Washington
School of Medicine
Physiology and Biophysics
ProfessorAppointed: 2000
Professional Headshot of Stanley C. Froehner

Mailing Address

Department of Physiology & Biophysics
Box 357290
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington 98195-7290
United States

Contact Information

Phone: (206) 543-0950
Fax: (206) 685-0619
froehner@u.washington.edu
http://depts.washington.edu/pbiopage/people_fac_page.php?fac_ID=13

Qualifications

Ph.D., California Institute of Technology, Biochemistry and Neurophysiology, 1973.
Bachelor of Science with Honor, University of Texas at Austin, Chemistry, 1968.

Previous Positions

1992-2000, Chair, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Cell and Molecular Physiology
1992-2000, Professor, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Cell and Molecular Physiology
1989-1991, Professor, Dartmouth College, Medical School, Biochemistry
1984-1989, Associate Professor, Dartmouth College, Medical School, Biochemistry
1978-1984, Assistant Professor, Dartmouth College, Medical School, Biochemistry
1976-1978, Research Fellow, Harvard University, Medical School, Neuropathology
1974-1976, Research Fellow, Harvard University, Medical School, Neurobiology

Expertise and Research Interests

Regulation of Membrane Specializations by Protein Scaffolds: Implications for Human Diseases.

Spatial integration of molecular signaling is key to rapid and precise communication between cells in all tissues. Many membrane receptors and channels are highly concentrated into specialized membrane domains where rapid and specific signaling is required. These molecular specializations depend on protein scaffolds that cluster surface membrane receptors and organize downstream signaling elements. Genetic abnormalities in protein scaffolds can lead to human diseases.

Our laboratory studies the dystrophin complex, a structural and signaling complex that is especially important in skeletal muscle. Mutations in various proteins of the dystrophin complex cause human muscular dystrophies. We study the dystrophin signaling scaffold primarily at three membrane specializations: the neuromuscular synapse, the muscle sarcolemmal membrane and the endfeet of perivascular astrocytes in the brain. Our main focus is the syntrophins, a family of adapter proteins that we first discovered in 1987, and the dystrobrevins. Both syntrophin and dystrobrevin are directly associated with dystrophin. The syntrophins, in turn, recruit several important signaling proteins and channels to the membrane, including neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), sodium and potassium channels, aquaporin water channels, several kinases, the ABCA1 lipid transporter, and the ARMS/EphA4 receptor complex. We use molecular biology and biochemistry to study this complex in vitro and genetic manipulation (targeted gene deletion and transgenic expression) in mice to determine in vivo function.

At the neuromuscular synapse, alpha-syntrophin regulates postsynaptic nicotinic receptor expression and distribution. On the muscle sarcolemma, alpha-syntrophin is required for expression of nNOS and aquaporin-4. At perivascular astroglial endfeet (an important cellular component of the blood brain barrier), alpha-syntrophin is required for the maintenance of high concentrations of aquaporin-4 water channels. As a result, alpha-syntrophin null mice are resistant to brain edema and neuronal damage that follow ischemic insults, such as stroke. Our investigations of the dystrophin complex, and the dystrobrevin-syntrophin subcomplex in particular, have particular relevance to several diseases and human maladies, including muscular dystrophy, stroke, brain edema, epilepsy, and cardiovascular impairment.

Other Expertise

2010 External Review Committee, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, UC Santa Barbara
2008-present Editorial Advisory Board, The Nitric Oxide Open Journal
2007-2008 Member, Search Committee for Director, Center for Functional Study of Cell Types and Circuits, Paul Allen Institute for Brain Science
2007 External Review Committee, Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Colorado Health Sciences
2007 Chair, Special Emphasis Panel, NSD-B Study Section, NINDS, NIH
2006 University of Queensland Research Quality Assessment Panel
2006-2010 Board of Reviewing Editors, Molecular Biology of the Cell
2005-2011 Advisory Committee of the School of Science, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
2003-present Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives
2002 Chair, Scientific Advisory Board, FONDAP Center for Cell Regulation and Pathology, Pontifica Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago
2001-present Faculty of 1000, Neuronal Signaling Mechanisms Section
1999-2004 Chair, Neurological Sciences and Diseases C Study Section, NINDS
1997-2003 Associate Editor, Journal of Neuroscience
1995-1998 Scientific Advisory Board, Cambridge Symposia
1995-present Member, Commission on Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience; IUPS
1995-1998 Howard Hughes Medical Institute Review Panel
1993 Chair, Special Study Section, National Institutes of Health
1985-1987 Member, Neurological Sciences Study Section 2, NIH
1982-1984 Ad Hoc Reviewer, Neurological Sciences Study Section, NIH

Future Research

We plan to continue our studies of the dystrophin-syntrophin complex in skeletal and cardiac muscle, using molecular biological and genetic (transgenic and targeted gene disruption) approaches. Much of our current research is focused on nitric oxide (NO) production by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). nNOS is targeted to dystrophin complex via interaction with alpha-syntrophin and is absent from the membrane in many forms of muscular dystrophy and myopathies. We are collaborating with the laboratory of Joe Beavo (Pharmacology, University of Washington) to examine the impact on the NO-cGMP signaling pathway. Also, in collaboration with Prof. Kathryn North and colleagues at the Childrens' Hospital Westmead in Sydney, Australia, we have identified a new gene, contactin-1, that causes a severe myopathy. Current studies are directed at understanding how mutations in this gene cause muscle disease.

Industrial Relevance

We are investigating the therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase inhibitors (sildenafil) in ameliorating skeletal muscle degeneration and cardiac dysfunction in the mdx mouse, a model for human Duchenne muscular dystrophy. On the basis of our results on cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle, a clinical trial is being planned in collaboration with physician scientists at the University of Washington and the Seattle Children's Hospital.

Keywords

COS Keywords:

Biochemistry, Biophysics, Membranes, Molecular Biology, Muscular Dystrophy, Neurobiology, Neurology, Neuropathology, Neurophysiology, Physiology, Receptors, Synaptic Transmission.

Additional Terms:

Cardiomyopathy in Muscular Dystrophies, Congenital Myopathies, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Dystrophin, Membrane Biochemistry, Molecular Neurobiology, Muscle Fatigue, NO-cGMP Signaling At the Golgi, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, Nitric Oxide Synthase, Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors, Sildenafil, Skeletal Muscle Function, Stroke, Synaptogenesis, Syntrophin.

Languages

(Reading, Writing, Speaking)

Swedish: (Basic, Basic, Basic)

Memberships

American Physiological Society
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
American Society for Cell Biology
Society for Neuroscience
World Muscle Society

Honors and Awards

2009, Visiting Professor (invited), Université Paris Descartes
2007, International Visiting Research Scholar (invited), University of Sydney
1995-2000, Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award, NINDS, National Institutes of Health
1987-1988, Visiting Professor, Salk Institute
1986-1991, Established Investigator, American Heart Association
1976-1978, Charles King Trust Fellow
1974-1976, Postdoctoral Fellowship, Muscular Dystrophy Association

Patents

Dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel as a tumor-associated marker, Patent Number: 4954436, , Institution-Owned, United States of America.

Funding Received

  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Regulation of Syntrophin Function, 2009 to 2014.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Molecular and Cellular Therapies for Muscular Dystrophy, 2009 to 2014.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Golgi-associated NO-cGMP Signaling Defect in Muscular Dystrophy, 2009 to 2014.
  • Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy: Mechanism of Sildenafil-mediated Attenuation of Muscular Dystrophy in mdx Mice, 2009 to 2010.
  • March of Dimes: The Role of Contactin-1 in Severe Childhood Myopathy, 2008 to 2011.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): cGMP Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in a Mouse Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, 2008 to 2010.
  • Muscular Dystrophy Association: Reevaluation of nNOS Isozyme Function in mdx Skeletal Muscle, 2008 to 2010.

Publications

  • Banks GB, Chamberlain JS, Froehner SC (Jan 2009) Truncated dystrophins can influence neuromuscular synapse structure., Molecular and cellular neurosciences Abstract
  • Steen MS, Adams ME, Tesch Y, Froehner SC (Jan 2009) Amelioration of muscular dystrophy by transgenic expression of Niemann-Pick C1., Molecular biology of the cell, 20 (1), 146-52 Abstract
  • Compton AG, Albrecht DE, Seto JT, Cooper ST, Ilkovski B, Jones KJ, Challis D, Mowat D, Ranscht B, Bahlo M, Froehner SC, North KN (Dec 2008) Mutations in contactin-1, a neural adhesion and neuromuscular junction protein, cause a familial form of lethal congenital myopathy., American journal of human genetics, 83 (6), 714-24 Abstract
  • Zeynalov E, Chen CH, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Ottersen OP, Amiry-Moghaddam M, Bhardwaj A (Sep 2008) The perivascular pool of aquaporin-4 mediates the effect of osmotherapy in postischemic cerebral edema., Critical care medicine, 36 (9), 2634-40 Abstract
  • Liu X, Zhang W, Alkayed NJ, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Amiry-Moghaddam M, Ottersen OP, Hurn PD, Bhardwaj A (Jul 2008) Lack of sex-linked differences in cerebral edema and aquaporin-4 expression after experimental stroke., Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism Abstract
  • Albrecht DE, Sherman DL, Brophy PJ, Froehner SC (Apr 2008) The ABCA1 cholesterol transporter associates with one of two distinct dystrophin-based scaffolds in Schwann cells., Glia, 56 (6), 611-8 Abstract
  • Percival JM, Anderson KN, Gregorevic P, Chamberlain JS, Froehner SC (2008) Functional deficits in nNOSmu-deficient skeletal muscle: myopathy in nNOS knockout mice., PLoS ONE, 3 (10), e3387 Abstract
  • Adams ME, Tesch Y, Percival JM, Albrecht DE, Conhaim JI, Anderson K, Froehner SC (Jan 2008) Differential targeting of nNOS and AQP4 to dystrophin-deficient sarcolemma by membrane-directed alpha-dystrobrevin., Journal of cell science, 121 (Pt 1), 48-54 Abstract
  • Percival JM, Gregorevic P, Odom GL, Banks GB, Chamberlain JS, Froehner SC (Oct 2007) rAAV6-microdystrophin rescues aberrant golgi complex organization in mdx skeletal muscles., Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark), 8 (10), 1424-39 Abstract
  • Percival JM, Froehner SC (Mar 2007) Golgi complex organization in skeletal muscle: a role for Golgi-mediated glycosylation in muscular dystrophies?, Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark), 8 (3), 184-94 Abstract
  • Wang D, Kelly BB, Albrecht DE, Adams ME, Froehner SC, Feng G (2007) Complete deletion of all alpha-dystrobrevin isoforms does not reveal new neuromuscular junction phenotype., Gene expression, 14 (1), 47-57 Abstract
  • Bragg AD, Amiry-Moghaddam M, Ottersen OP, Adams ME, Froehner SC. (2006) Assembly of a perivascular astrocyte protein scaffold at the mammalian blood-brain barrier is dependent on alpha-syntrophin, Glia, 53 (8), 879-890
  • Alessi A, Bragg AD, Percival JM, Yoo J, Albrecht DE, Froehner SC, Adams ME. (2006) Gamma-Syntrophin scaffolding is spatially and functionally distinct from that of the alpha/beta syntrophins, Exp. Cell Research, 312 (16), 3084-95
  • Gregorevic P, Allen JM, Minami E, Blankinship MJ, Haraguchi M, Meuse L, Finn E, Adams ME, Froehner SC, Murry CE, Chamberlain JS (2006) rAAV6-microdystrophin preserves muscle function and extends lifespan in severely dystrophic mice, Nature Medicine, 12 (7), 787-89
  • Mercado ML, Amenta AR, Hagiwara H, Rafii MS, Lechner BE, Owens RT, McQuillan DJ, Froehner SC, Fallon JR. (2006) Biglycan regulates the expression and sarcolemmal localization of dystrobrevin, syntrophin, and nNOS, FASEB J., 20 (10), 1724-26
  • Puwarawuttipanit, W., Bragg, A.D., Frydenlund, D.S., Mylonakou, M.-N., Nagelhus, E.A., Kotchabhakdi, N., Peters, M.F., Adams, M.E., Froehner, S.C., Haug, F.-M., Ottersen, O.-P. and Amiry-Moghaddam, M. (2006) Differential Effect of Alpha-Syntrophin Knockout on AQP4 and Kir4.1 Expression in Retinal Macroglial Cells in Mice, Neurosci., 137 (1), 165-75
  • Compton AG, Cooper ST, Hill PM, Yang N, Froehner SC, North KN (Apr 2005) The Syntrophin-dystrobrevin Subcomplex in Human Neuromuscular Disorders, Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 64 (4), 350-61
  • Luo, S., Chen, Y., Lai, K.-O., Arevalo, J. C., Froehner, S.C., Adams, M.E., Chao, M.V., and Ip, N. Y. (2005) Alpha-Syntrophin Regulates ARMS Localization at the Neuromuscular Junction and Enhances EphA4 Signaling in an ARMS-Dependent Manner, J. Cell Biol, 169, 813-824
  • Yan, J., Xu, W., Wen, W., Long, J-F., Adams, M.E., Froehner, S.C. and Zhang, M (2005) Structure of the Split PH Domain and Distinct Lipid Binding Properties of the Split PH-PDZ Supramodule of alpha-Syntrophin, EMBO J, 24, 3985-3995
  • Adams ME, Kramarcy N, Fukuda T, Engel AG, Sealock R, Froehner SC (Nov 2004) Structural Abnormalities At Neuromuscular Synapses Lacking Multiple Syntrophin Isoforms, The Journal of Neuroscience, 24 (46), 10302-9
  • Shiao T, Fond A, Deng B, Wehling-Henricks M, Adams ME, Froehner SC, Tidball JG, Defects in Neuromuscular Junction Structure in Dystrophic Muscle Are Corrected By Expression of a NOS Transgene in Dystrophin-deficient Muscles, But Not in Muscles Lacking Alpha- and Beta1-syntrophins, Human Molecular Genetics, 13(17), 1873-84, Sep 2004
  • Connors NC, Adams ME, Froehner SC, Kofuji P (July 2004) The potassium channel Kir4.1 associates with the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex via alpha-syntrophin in glia, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279 (27), 28387-92
  • Leonoudakis D, Conti LR, Anderson S, Radeke CM, McGuire LM, Adams ME, Froehner SC, Yates JR 3rd, Vandenberg CA (May 2004) Protein trafficking and anchoring complexes revealed by proteomic analysis of inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir2.x)-associated proteins, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279 (21), 22331-46
  • Amiry-Moghaddam M, Xue R, Haug FM, Neely JD, Bhardwaj A, Agre P, Adams ME, Froehner SC, Mori S, Ottersen OP (March 2004) Alpha-syntrophin deletion removes the perivascular but not endothelial pool of aquaporin-4 at the blood-brain barrier and delays the development of brain edema in an experimental model of ac, Faseb Journal, 18 (3), 542-4
  • Albrecht DE, Froehner SC (February 2004) DAMAGE, a novel alpha-dystrobrevin-associated MAGE protein in dystrophin complexes, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279 (8), 7014-23
  • Jones KJ, Compton AG, Yang N, Mills MA, Peters MF, Mowat D, Kunkel LM, Froehner SC, North KN, Deficiency of the syntrophins and alpha-dystrobrevin in patients with inherited myopathy, Neuromuscular Disorders : Nmd, 13(6), 456-67, August 2003
  • Steen MS, Froehner SC, PerleCan fix your muscle AChEs, Trends in Neurosciences, 26(5), 241-2, May 2003
  • Thomas GD, Shaul PW, Yuhanna IS, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Vasomodulation by skeletal muscle-derived nitric oxide requires alpha-syntrophin-mediated sarcolemmal localization of neuronal Nitric oxide synthase, Circulation Research, 92(5), 554-60, March 2003
  • Amiry-Moghaddam M, Otsuka T, Hurn PD, Traystman RJ, Haug FM, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Neely JD, Agre P, Ottersen OP, Bhardwaj A, An alpha-syntrophin-dependent pool of AQP4 in astroglial end-feet confers bidirectional water flow between blood and brain, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 100(4), 2106-11, February 2003
  • Albrecht DE, Froehner SC, Syntrophins and dystrobrevins: defining the dystrophin scaffold at synapses, Neuro-signals, 11(3), 123-9, 2002
  • Adams ME, Mueller HA, Froehner SC (2001) In vivo requirement of the alpha-syntrophin PDZ domain for the sarcolemmal localization of nNOS and aquaporin-4, Journal of Cell Biology, 155 (1), 113-22
  • Ort T, Voronov S, Guo J, Zawalich K, Froehner SC, Zawalich W, Solimena M (2001) Dephosphorylation of beta2-syntrophin and Ca2+/mu-calpain-mediated cleavage of ICA512 upon stimulation of insulin secretion, Embo Journal, 20 (15), 4013-23
  • Ort T, Maksimova E, Dirkx R, Kachinsky AM, Berghs S, Froehner SC, Solimena M (September 2000) The receptor tyrosine phosphatase-like protein ICA512 binds the PDZ domains of beta2-syntrophin and nNOS in pancreatic beta-cells, European Journal of Cell Biology, 79 (9), 621-30
  • Crawford GE, Faulkner JA, Crosbie RH, Campbell KP, Froehner SC, Chamberlain JS (September 2000) Assembly of the dystrophin-associated protein complex does not require the dystrophin COOH-terminal domain, Journal of Cell Biology, 150 (6), 1399-410
  • Adams ME, Kramarcy N, Krall SP, Rossi SG, Rotundo RL, Sealock R, Froehner SC (September 2000) Absence of alpha-syntrophin leads to structurally aberrant neuromuscular synapses deficient in utrophin, Journal of Cell Biology, 150 (6), 1385-98
  • Rocco P, Vainzof M, Froehner SC, Peters MF, Marie SK, Passos-Bueno MR, Zatz M (May 2000) Brazilian family with pure autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia maps to 8q: analysis of muscle beta 1 syntrophin, American Journal of Medical Genetics, 92 (2), 122-7
  • Won S, Si J, Colledge M, Ravichandran KS, Froehner SC, Mei L (December 1999) Neuregulin-increased expression of acetylcholine receptor epsilon-subunit gene requires ErbB interaction with Shc, Journal of Neurochemistry, 73 (6), 2358-68
  • Kachinsky AM, Froehner SC, Milgram SL (19 Apr 1999) A PDZ-containing scaffold related to the dystrophin complex at the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells, Journal of Cell Biology, 145 (2), 391-402
  • Peters M F, Sadoulet-Puccio H M, Grady M R, Kramarcy N R, Kunkel L M, Sanes J R, Sealock R, Froehner S C (7 Sep 1998) Differential membrane localization and intermolecular associations of alpha-dystrobrevin isoforms in skeletal muscle, Journal of Cell Biology, 142 (5), 1269-78
  • Gee S H, Sekely S A, Lombardo C, Kurakin A, Froehner S C, Kay B K (21 Aug 1998) Cyclic peptides as non-carboxyl-terminal ligands of syntrophin PDZ domains, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273 (34), 21980-7
  • Colledge M, Froehner S C, Signals mediating ion channel clustering at the neuromuscular junction, Current Opinion In Neurobiology, 8(3), 357-63, June 1998
  • Colledge M, Froehner S C, Interaction between the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and Grb2. Implications for signaling at the neuromuscular junction, Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences, 841, 17-27, 13 May 1998
  • Colledge M, Froehner S C, To muster a cluster: anchoring neurotransmitter receptors at synapses, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 95(7), 3341-3, 31 Mar 1998
  • Montanaro F, Gee S H, Jacobson C, Lindenbaum M H, Froehner S C, Carbonetto S (15 Feb 1998) Laminin and alpha-dystroglycan mediate acetylcholine receptor aggregation via a MuSK-independent pathway, Journal of Neuroscience, 18 (4), 1250-60
  • Gee S H, Madhavan R, Levinson S R, Caldwell J H, Sealock R, Froehner S C (1 Jan 1998) Interaction of muscle and brain sodium channels with multiple members of the syntrophin family of dystrophin-associated proteins, Journal of Neuroscience, 18 (1), 128-37
  • Peters M F, O'Brien K F, Sadoulet-Puccio H M, Kunkel L M, Adams M E, Froehner S C (12 Dec 1997) Beta-dystrobrevin, a new member of the dystrophin family. Identification, cloning, and protein associations, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272 (50), 31561-9
  • Peters M F, Adams M E, Froehner S C (14 Jul 1997) Differential association of syntrophin pairs with the dystrophin complex, Journal of Cell Biology, 138 (1), 81-93
  • Colledge M, Froehner S C (1 Jul 1997) Tyrosine phosphorylation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mediates Grb2 binding, Journal of Neuroscience, 17 (13), 5038-45
  • Froehner S C, Adams M E, Peters M F, Gee S H, Syntrophins: modular adapter proteins at the neuromuscular junction and the sarcolemma, Society of General Physiologists Series, 52, 197-207, 1997
  • Chao D S, Gorospe J R, Brenman J E, Rafael J A, Peters M F, Froehner S C, Hoffman E P, Chamberlain J S, Bredt D S (1 Aug 1996) Selective loss of sarcolemmal nitric oxide synthase in Becker muscular dystrophy, Journal of Experimental Medicine, 184 (2), 609-18
  • Blake D J, Nawrotzki R, Peters M F, Froehner S C, Davies K E (29 Mar 1996) Isoform diversity of dystrobrevin, the murine 87-kDa postsynaptic protein, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271 (13), 7802-10
  • Brenman J E, Chao D S, Gee S H, McGee A W, Craven S E, Santillano D R, Wu Z, Huang F, Xia H, Peters M F, Froehner S C, Bredt D S, Interaction of nitric oxide synthase with the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 and alpha1-syntrophin mediated by PDZ domains, Cell, 84(5), 757-67, 8 Mar 1996
  • Dai Z, Scotland P B, Froehner S C, Peng H B, Association of phosphotyrosine with rapsyn expression in Xenopus embryonic cells, Neuroreport, 7(2), 657-61, 31 Jan 1996
  • Brenman, J.E., Chao, D.S., Gee, S. H., McGee, A. W., Craven, S. E., Santillano, D.R., Huang, F., Wu, Z., Huang, F., Xia, H., Peters, M.F., Froehner, S.C., and Bredt, D.S., Interaction of Nitric Oxide Synthase with the Postsynaptic Density Protein ProteinPSD-95 and a1 Syntrophin, Cell, 84, 757-767, 1996
  • Blake, D.J., Nawrotzki, R., Peters, M.F., Froehner, S.C., and Davies, K.E. (1996) Isoform Diversity of the Murine 87K Postsynaptic Protein, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271, 7802-7810
  • Barry E L, Gesek F A, Froehner S C, Friedman P A, Multiple calcium channel transcripts in rat osteosarcoma cells: selective activation of alpha 1D isoform by parathyroid hormone, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 92(24), 10914-8, 21 Nov 1995
  • Dwyer T M, Froehner S C, Direct binding of Torpedo syntrophin to dystrophin and the 87 kDa dystrophin homologue, Febs Letters, 375(1-2), 91-4, 13 Nov 1995
  • Adams M E, Dwyer T M, Dowler L L, White R A, Froehner S C (27 Oct 1995) Mouse alpha 1- and beta 2-syntrophin gene structure, chromosome localization, and homology with a discs large domain, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 270 (43), 25859-65
  • Froehner S C, Fallon J R, Neurobiology. Synapses take the rap, Nature, 377(6546), 195-6, 21 Sep 1995
  • Dwyer, T. M. and Froehner, S. C., Direct Binding of Torpedo Syntrophin to Dystrophin and the 87kDa Dystrophin Homologue, FEBS Letters, 375, 91-94, 1995
  • (1995) Mouse alpha1- and beta2-syntrophin Gene Structure, Chromosome Localization, and Homology with a Discs-Large (PDZ) Domain, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 270, 25859-25867
  • Barry E L, Viglione M P, Kim Y I, Froehner S C (January 1995) Expression and antibody inhibition of P-type calcium channels in human small-cell lung carcinoma cells, Journal of Neuroscience, 15 (1), 274-83
  • Ousley A H, Froehner S C, An anti-peptide antibody specific for the class A calcium channel alpha 1 subunit labels mammalian neuromuscular junction, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 91(25), 12263-7, 6 Dec 1994
  • Peters M F, Kramarcy N R, Sealock R, Froehner S C, beta 2-Syntrophin: localization at the neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscle, Neuroreport, 5(13), 1577-80, 15 Aug 1994
  • Morton M E, Cassidy T N, Froehner S C, Gilmour B P, Laurens R L (August 1994) Alpha 1 and alpha 2 Ca2+ channel subunit expression in human neuronal and small cell carcinoma cells, Faseb Journal, 8 (11), 884-8
  • Sealock R, Froehner S C, Dystrophin-associated proteins and synapse formation: is alpha-dystroglycan the agrin receptor?, Cell, 77(5), 617-9, 3 Jun 1994
  • Bloch R J, Sealock R, Pumplin D W, Luther P W, Froehner S C (February 1994) Association of acetylcholine receptors with peripheral membrane proteins: evidence from antibody-induced coaggregation, Journal of Membrane Biology, 138 (1), 13-28
  • Kramarcy N R, Vidal A, Froehner S C, Sealock R (28 Jan 1994) Association of utrophin and multiple dystrophin short forms with the mammalian M(r) 58,000 dystrophin-associated protein (syntrophin), Journal of Biological Chemistry, 269 (4), 2870-6
  • Froehner S C, Neurobiology. Anchoring glycine receptors, Nature, 366(6457), 719, 23 Dec 1993
  • Scotland P B, Colledge M, Melnikova I, Dai Z, Froehner S C (November 1993) Clustering of the acetylcholine receptor by the 43-kD protein: involvement of the zinc finger domain, Journal of Cell Biology, 123 (3), 719-28
  • Adams M E, Butler M H, Dwyer T M, Peters M F, Murnane A A, Froehner S C, Two forms of mouse syntrophin, a 58 kd dystrophin-associated protein, differ in primary structure and tissue distribution, Neuron, 11(3), 531-40, September 1993
  • Froehner S C, Regulation of ion channel distribution at synapses, Annual Review of Neuroscience, 16, 347-68, 1993
  • Butler M H, Douville K, Murnane A A, Kramarcy N R, Cohen J B, Sealock R, Froehner S C (25 Mar 1992) Association of the Mr 58,000 postsynaptic protein of electric tissue with Torpedo dystrophin and the Mr 87,000 postsynaptic protein, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 267 (9), 6213-8
  • Brennan C, Scotland P B, Froehner S C, Henderson L P, Functional properties of acetylcholine receptors coexpressed with the 43K protein in heterologous cell systems, Developmental Biology, 149(1), 100-11, January 1992
  • Froehner S C (July 1991) The submembrane machinery for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor clustering, Journal of Cell Biology, 114 (1), 1-7
  • Sealock R, Butler M H, Kramarcy N R, Gao K X, Murnane A A, Douville K, Froehner S C (June 1991) Localization of dystrophin relative to acetylcholine receptor domains in electric tissue and adult and cultured skeletal muscle, Journal of Cell Biology, 113 (5), 1133-44
  • Froehner S C, Luetje C W, Scotland P B, Patrick J, The postsynaptic 43K protein clusters muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Xenopus oocytes, Neuron, 5(4), 403-10, October 1990
  • LaRochelle W J, Witzemann V, Fiedler W, Froehner S C (October 1990) Developmental expression of the 43K and 58K postsynaptic membrane proteins and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Torpedo electrocytes, Journal of Neuroscience, 10 (10), 3460-7
  • Flucher B E, Morton M E, Froehner S C, Daniels M P, Localization of the alpha 1 and alpha 2 subunits of the dihydropyridine receptor and ankyrin in skeletal muscle triads, Neuron, 5(3), 339-51, September 1990
  • LaRochelle W J, Froehner S C, Staining of proteins on nitrocellulose replicas, Methods In Enzymology, 184, 433-6, 1990
  • Morton M E, Froehner S C, The alpha 1 and alpha 2 polypeptides of the dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channel differ in developmental expression and tissue distribution, Neuron, 2(5), 1499-506, May 1989
  • LaRochelle W J, Ralston E, Forsayeth J R, Froehner S C, Hall Z W, Clusters of 43-kDa protein are absent from genetic variants of C2 muscle cells with reduced acetylcholine receptor expression, Developmental Biology, 132(1), 130-8, March 1989
  • Froehner S C, Macromolecular organization of the neuromuscular postsynaptic membrane, Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences, 568, 115-20, 1989

Profile Details

Last Updated: 11/29/2009

COS Expertise ID #406138
Reference this profile directly: http://myprofile.cos.com/froehner