University of Washington School of Medicine Medicine Adjunct Professor/Professor |  |
QualificationsPh.D., University of Hawaii, 1967. M.D., Cornell University, 1963. Expertise and Research InterestsMy expertise is in the following areas:clinical epidemiology;pathogenesis of infectious diseases. KeywordsCOS Keywords:Epidemiology, Infectious Diseases Or Agents, Pathogenesis.Additional Terms:Clinical Epidemiology, Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases.Publications- Whittington WL, Holmes KK, Unique gonococcal phenotype associated with asymptomatic infection in men and with erroneous diagnosis of nongonococcal urethritis., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 181(3), 1044-8, 2000
 - Cohen CR, Sinei SS, Bukusi EA, Bwayo JJ, Holmes KK, Brunham RC, Human leukocyte antigen class II DQ alleles associated with Chlamydia trachomatis tubal infertility., Obstetrics and Gynecology, 95(1), 72-7, 2000
 - Williams LA, Klausner JD, Whittington WL, Handsfield HH, Celum C, Holmes KK, Elimination and reintroduction of primary and secondary syphilis [see comments, American Journal of Public Health, 89(7), 1093-7, July 1999
 - Roberts MC, Chung WO, Roe D, Xia M, Marquez C, Borthagaray G, Whittington WL, Holmes KK, Erythromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae and oral commensal Neisseria spp. carry known rRNA methylase genes., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 43(6), 1367-72, June 1999
 - Holmes KK Jr, Shirai JH, Richter KY, Kissel JC, Field measurement of dermal soil loadings in occupational and recreational activities., Environmental Research, 80(2 Pt 1), 148-57, February 1999
 - Marra CM, Krone MR, Koutsky LA, Holmes KK, Diagnostic accuracy of HIV-associated central nervous system toxoplasmosis., International Journal of STD and AIDS, 9(12), 761-4, December 1998
 - Xi L F, Critchlow C W, Wheeler C M, Koutsky L A, Galloway D A, Kuypers J, Hughes J P, Hawes S E, Surawicz C, Goldbaum G, Holmes K K, Kiviat N B, Risk of anal carcinoma in situ in relation to human papillomavirus type 16 variants., Cancer Research, 58(17), 3839-44, 1 Sep 1998
 - Critchlow C W, Hawes S E, Kuypers J M, Goldbaum G M, Holmes K K, Surawicz C M, Kiviat N B, Effect of HIV infection on the natural history of anal human papillomavirus infection., Aids, 12(10), 1177-84, 9 Jul 1998
 - Kitahata M M, Holmes K K, Wagner E H, Gooding T D, Caring for persons with HIV infection in a managed care environment., American Journal of Medicine, 104(6), 511-5, June 1998
 - Scholes D, Stergachis A, Ichikawa L E, Heidrich F E, Holmes K K, Stamm W E, Vaginal douching as a risk factor for cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection., Obstetrics and Gynecology, 91(6), 993-7, June 1998
 - Garcia PJ, Gotuzzo E, Hughes JP, Holmes KK, Syndromic management of STDs in pharmacies: evaluation and randomised intervention trial., Sexually Transmitted Infections, 74 Suppl 1, S153-8, June 1998
 - Ryan CA, Courtois BN, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK, Risk assessment, symptoms, and signs as predictors of vulvovaginal and cervical infections in an urban US STD clinic: implications for use of STD algorithms., Sexually Transmitted Infections, 74 Suppl 1, S59-76, June 1998
 - Sanchez SE, Koutsky LA, Sanchez J, Fernandez A, Casquero J, Kreiss J, Catlin M, Xia M, Holmes KK, Rapid and inexpensive approaches to managing abnormal vaginal discharge or lower abdominal pain: an evaluation in women attending gynaecology and family planning clinics in Peru., Sexually Transmitted Infections, 74 Suppl 1, S85-94, June 1998
 - Ryan CA, Zidouh A, Manhart LE, Selka R, Xia M, Moloney-Kitts M, Mahjour J, Krone M, Courtois BN, Dallabetta G, Holmes KK, Reproductive tract infections in primary healthcare, family planning, and dermatovenereology clinics: evaluation of syndromic management in Morocco., Sexually Transmitted Infections, 74 Suppl 1, S95-105, June 1998
 - Foxman B, Aral S O, Holmes K K, Heterosexual repertoire is associated with same-sex experience., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 25(5), 232-6, May 1998
 - Ryan C A, Vathiny O V, Gorbach P M, Leng H B, Berlioz-Arthaud A, Whittington W L, Holmes K K, Explosive spread of HIV-1 and sexually transmitted diseases in Cambodia [letter], Lancet, 351(9110), 1175, 18 Apr 1998
 - Kiviat N B, Critchlow C W, Hawes S E, Kuypers J, Surawicz C, Goldbaum G, van Burik J A, Lampinen T, Holmes K K, Determinants of human immunodeficiency virus DNA and RNA shedding in the anal-rectal canal of homosexual men., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 177(3), 571-8, March 1998
 - Foxman B, Aral S O, Holmes K K, Interrelationships among douching practices, risky sexual practices, and history of self-reported sexually transmitted diseases in an urban population., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 25(2), 90-9, February 1998
 - Sanchez J, Gotuzzo E, Escamilla J, Carrillo C, Moreyra L, Stamm W, Ashley R, Swenson P, Holmes K K, Sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers: reduced by condom use but not by a limited periodic examination program., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 25(2), 82-9, February 1998
 - Watts D H, Koutsky L A, Holmes K K, Goldman D, Kuypers J, Kiviat N B, Galloway D A, Low risk of perinatal transmission of human papillomavirus: results from a prospective cohort study., American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 178(2), 365-73, February 1998
 - Watts DH, Koutsky LA, Holmes KK, Goldman D, Kuypers J, Kiviat NB, Galloway DA, Low risk of perinatal transmission of human papillomavirus: results from a prospective cohort study [see comments, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 178(2), 365-73, 1998
 - Xia M, Whittington W L, Holmes K K, Roberts M C, Genomic homogeneity of the AHU/IA-1,2 phenotype of Neisseria gonorrhoeae during its disappearance from an urban population., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 24(10), 561-6, November 1997
 - Tabet S R, Krone M R, Hooton T M, Koutsky L A, Holmes K K, Bacterial infections in adult patients hospitalized with AIDS: case-control study of prophylactic efficacy of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus aerosolized pentamidine., International Journal of STD and AIDS, 8(9), 563-9, September 1997
 - Ndinya-Achola J O, Ghee A E, Kihara A N, Krone M R, Plummer F A, Fisher L D, Holmes K K, High HIV prevalence, low condom use and gender differences in sexual behaviour among patients with STD-related complaints at a Nairobi primary health care clinic., International Journal of STD and AIDS, 8(8), 506-14, August 1997
 - Kaplan J E, Masur H, Jaffe H W, Holmes K K, Preventing opportunistic infections in persons infected with HIV: 1997 guidelines [editorial], Jama, 278(4), 337-8, 23-30 Jul 1997
 - Xi L F, Koutsky L A, Galloway D A, Kuypers J, Hughes J P, Wheeler C M, Holmes K K, Kiviat N B, Genomic variation of human papillomavirus type 16 and risk for high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [see comments], Journal of The National Cancer Institute, 89(11), 796-802, 4 Jun 1997
 - Fox K K, Knapp J S, Holmes K K, Hook E W 3rd, Judson F N, Thompson S E, Washington J A, Whittington W L, Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States, 1988-1994: the emergence of decreased susceptibility to the fluoroquinolones., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 175(6), 1396-403, June 1997
 - Eschenbach D A, Wolner-Hanssen P, Hawes S E, Pavletic A, Paavonen J, Holmes K K, Acute pelvic inflammatory disease: associations of clinical and laboratory findings with laparoscopic findings., Obstetrics and Gynecology, 89(2), 184-92, February 1997
 - Hawes S E, Hillier S L, Benedetti J, Stevens C E, Koutsky L A, Wolner-Hanssen P, Holmes K K, Hydrogen peroxide-producing lactobacilli and acquisition of vaginal infections., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 174(5), 1058-63, November 1996
 - Corey L, Holmes K K, Therapy for human immunodeficiency virus infection -- what have we learned? [editorial; comment] [see comments], New England Journal of Medicine, 335(15), 1142-4, 10 Oct 1996
 - Xia M, Roberts M C, Whittington W L, Holmes K K, Knapp J S, Dillon J A, Wi T, Neisseria gonorrhoeae with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin: pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of strains from North America, Hawaii, and the Philippines [letter], Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 40(10), 2439-40, October 1996
 - Holmes K K, Johnson D W, Kvale P A, Halverson C W, Keys T F, Martin D H, Impact of a gonorrhea control program, including selective mass treatment, in female sex workers., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 174 Suppl 2, S230-9, October 1996
 - Aral S O, Holmes K K, Padian N S, Cates W Jr, Overview: individual and population approaches to the epidemiology and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infection., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 174 Suppl 2, S127-33, October 1996
 - Sanchez J, Gotuzzo E, Escamilla J, Carrillo C, Phillips I A, Barrios C, Stamm W E, Ashley R L, Kreiss J K, Holmes K K, Gender differences in sexual practices and sexually transmitted infections among adults in Lima, Peru., American Journal of Public Health, 86(8 Pt 1), 1098-107, August 1996
 - Hillier S L, Kiviat N B, Hawes S E, Hasselquist M B, Hanssen P W, Eschenbach D A, Holmes K K, Role of bacterial vaginosis-associated microorganisms in endometritis., American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 175(2), 435-41, August 1996
 - Kaplan J E, Hu D J, Holmes K K, Jaffe H W, Masur H, De Cock K M, Preventing opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons: implications for the developing world., American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 55(1), 1-11, July 1996
 - Scholes D, Stergachis A, Heidrich F E, Andrilla H, Holmes K K, Stamm W E, Prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease by screening for cervical chlamydial infection [see comments], New England Journal of Medicine, 334(21), 1362-6, 23 May 1996
 - Cates W C Jr, Holmes K K, Re: Condom efficacy against gonorrhea and nongonococcal urethritis [letter], American Journal of Epidemiology, 143(8), 843-4, 15 Apr 1996
 - Langley C L, Benga-De E, Critchlow C W, Ndoye I, Mbengue-Ly M D, Kuypers J, Woto-Gaye G, Mboup S, Bergeron C, Holmes K K, Kiviat N B, HIV-1, HIV-2, human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia in high-risk African women., Aids, 10(4), 413-7, April 1996
 - Ndinya-Achola J O, Kihara A N, Fisher L D, Krone M R, Plummer F A, Ronald A, Holmes K K, Presumptive specific clinical diagnosis of genital ulcer disease (GUD) in a primary health care setting in Nairobi., International Journal of STD and AIDS, 7(3), 201-5, Spring 1996
 - Garnett G P, Hughes J P, Anderson R M, Stoner B P, Aral S O, Whittington W L, Handsfield H H, Holmes K K, Sexual mixing patterns of patients attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 23(3), 248-57, Spring 1996
 - Tabet S R, de Moya E A, Holmes K K, Krone M R, de Quinones M R, de Lister M B, Garris I, Thorman M, Castellanos C, Swenson P D, Dallabeta G A, Ryan C A, Sexual behaviors and risk factors for HIV infection among men who have sex with men in the Dominican Republic., Aids, 10(2), 201-6, February 1996
 - Ryan C A, Holmes K K, Editorial: how should clinical algorithms be used for syndromic management of cervical and vaginal infections? [editorial], Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21(6), 1456-8, December 1995
 - Nduati R W, John G C, Richardson B A, Overbaugh J, Welch M, Ndinya-Achola J, Moses S, Holmes K, Onyango F, Kreiss J K, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells in breast milk: association with immunosuppression and vitamin A deficiency., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 172(6), 1461-8, December 1995
 - Critchlow C W, Surawicz C M, Holmes K K, Kuypers J, Daling J R, Hawes S E, Goldbaum G M, Sayer J, Hurt C, Dunphy C, et al, Prospective study of high grade anal squamous intraepithelial neoplasia in a cohort of homosexual men: influence of HIV infection, immunosuppression and human papillomavirus infection., Aids, 9(11), 1255-62, November 1995
 - Park B J, Stergachis A, Scholes D, Heidrich F E, Holmes K K, Stamm W E, Contraceptive methods and the risk of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in young women., American Journal of Epidemiology, 142(7), 771-8, 1 Oct 1995
 - Xi L F, Demers G W, Koutsky L A, Kiviat N B, Kuypers J, Watts D H, Holmes K K, Galloway D A, Analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 variants indicates establishment of persistent infection., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 172(3), 747-55, September 1995
 - Critchlow C W, Wolner-Hanssen P, Eschenbach D A, Kiviat N B, Koutsky L A, Stevens C E, Holmes K K, Determinants of cervical ectopia and of cervicitis: age, oral contraception, specific cervical infection, smoking, and douching., American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 173(2), 534-43, August 1995
 - Vernon S D, Holmes K K, Reeves W C, Human papillomavirus infection and associated disease in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21 Suppl 1, S121-4, August 1995
 - Gross P A, Phair J P, Kaplan J E, Holmes K K, Masur H, Quality standard for the enumeration of CD4+ lymphocytes in adults and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21 Suppl 1, S126-7, August 1995
 - Phair J P, Masur H, Gross P A, Holmes K K, Kaplan J E, Quality standard for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adults and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21 Suppl 1, S128-9, August 1995
 - Phair J P, Gross P A, Kaplan J E, Masur H, Holmes K K, Wilfert C M, Martone W J, Castro K G, Quality standard for the identification and treatment of persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21 Suppl 1, S130-1, August 1995
 - Wilfert C M, Masur H, Gross P A, Kaplan J E, Holmes K K, Phair J P, Simonds R J, Quality standard for the prophylaxis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants and children born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21 Suppl 1, S132-3, August 1995
 - Wilfert C M, Gross P A, Kaplan J E, Holmes K K, Masur H, Phair J P, Simonds R J, Quality standard for the enumeration of CD4+ lymphocytes in infants and children exposed to or infected with human immunodeficiency virus., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21 Suppl 1, S134-5, August 1995
 - Wilfert C M, Kaplan J E, Gross P A, Masur H, Holmes K K, Phair J P, Quality standard for the immunization of infants and children born to women infected with human immunodeficiency virus., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21 Suppl 1, S136-7, August 1995
 - Gross P A, Kaplan J E, Phair J P, Masur H, Wilfert C M, Holmes K K, Indicators for assessment of compliance with quality standards for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21 Suppl 1, S138-41, August 1995
 - Phair J P, Gross P A, Kaplan J E, Masur H, Holmes K K, Wilfert C M, Quality standards for preventing opportunistic infections related to human immunodeficiency virus and their implementation., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21 Suppl 1, S125, August 1995
 - Kaplan J E, Masur H, Holmes K K, Wilfert C M, Sperling R, Baker S A, Trapnell C B, Freedberg K A, Cotton D, Powderly W G, et al, USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: an overview. USPHS/IDSA Prevention of Opportunistic Infections Working Group, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21 Suppl 1, S12-31, August 1995
 - Kaplan J E, Masur H, Holmes K K, McNeil M M, Schonberger L B, Navin T R, Hanson D L, Gross P A, Jaffe H W, USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus: introduction. USPHS/IDSA Prevention of Opportunistic Infections Working Grou, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21 Suppl 1, S1-11, August 1995
 - Whittington W L, Roberts M C, Hale J, Holmes K K, Susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to the glycylcyclines., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 39(8), 1864-5, August 1995
 - Kaplan J E, Masur H, Jaffe H W, Holmes K K, Reducing the impact of opportunistic infections in patients with HIV infection. New guidelines [editorial], Jama, 274(4), 347-8, 26 Jul 1995
 - Kaplan J E, Holmes K K, USPHS and IDSA collaborate on guidelines to prevent opportunistic infections in HIV-infected persons [news], Emerging Infectious Diseases, 1(3), 102-3, Summer 1995
 - Schwebke J R, Whittington W, Rice R J, Handsfield H H, Hale J, Holmes K K, Trends in susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ceftriaxone from 1985 through 1991., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 39(4), 917-20, April 1995
 - Kamenga M C, De Cock K M, St. Louis M E, Toure C K, Zakaria S, N'gbichi J M, Ghys P D, Holmes K K, Eschenbach D A, Gayle H D, et al, The impact of human immunodeficiency virus infection on pelvic inflammatory disease: a case-control study in Abidjan, Ivory Coast., American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 172(3), 919-25, March 1995
 - Xia M, Whittington W L, Holmes K K, Plummer F A, Roberts M C, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for genomic analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 171(2), 455-8, February 1995
 - Baken L A, Koutsky L A, Kuypers J, Kosorok M R, Lee S K, Kiviat N B, Holmes K K, Genital human papillomavirus infection among male and female sex partners: prevalence and type-specific concordance., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 171(2), 429-32, February 1995
 - Xia M, Kreiss J K, Holmes K K, Risk factors for HIV infection among drug users in Yunnan province, China: association with intravenous drug use and protective effect of boiling reusable needles and syringes., Aids, 8(12), 1701-6, December 1994
 - Datta P, Embree J E, Kreiss J K, Ndinya-Achola J O, Braddick M, Temmerman M, Nagelkerke N J, Maitha G, Holmes K K, Piot P, et al, Mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: report from the Nairobi Study., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 170(5), 1134-40, November 1994
 - Workowski K A, Stevens C E, Suchland R J, Holmes K K, Eschenbach D A, Pettinger M B, Stamm W E, Clinical manifestations of genital infection due to Chlamydia trachomatis in women: differences related to serovar., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 19(4), 756-60, October 1994
 - Bell T A, Stamm W E, Kuo C C, Wang S P, Holmes K K, Grayston J T, Risk of perinatal transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis by mode of delivery., Journal of Infection, 29(2), 165-9, September 1994
 - Winterscheid K K, Whittington W L, Roberts M C, Schwebke J R, Holmes K K, Decreased susceptibility to penicillin G and Tet M plasmids in genital and anorectal isolates of Neisseria meningitidis., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 38(7), 1661-3, July 1994
 - Duprat C, Mohammed Z, Datta P, Stackiw W, Ndinya-Achola J O, Kreiss J K, Holmes K K, Plummer F A, Embree J E, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 IgA antibody in breast milk and serum., Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 13(7), 603-8, July 1994
 - Celum C L, Coombs R W, Jones M, Murphy V, Fisher L, Grant C, Corey L, Inui T, Wener M H, Holmes K K, Risk factors for repeatedly reactive HIV-1 EIA and indeterminate western blots. A population-based case-control study., Archives of Internal Medicine, 154(10), 1129-37, 23 May 1994
 - Padian N, Aral S O, Holmes K K, Sexually transmitted disease and human immunodeficiency virus. Is everyone at risk and does everyone have to pay?, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 21(2 Suppl), S53-4, Spring 1994
 - Levine W C, Berg A O, Johnson R E, Rolfs R T, Stone K M, Hook E W 3rd, Handsfield H H, Holmes K K, Islam M Q, Piot P, et al, Development of sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 1993. New methods, recommendations, and research priorities. STD Treatment Guidelines Project Team and Consultants., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 21(2 Suppl), S96-101, Spring 1994
 - Seck A C, Faye M A, Critchlow C W, Mbaye A D, Kuypers J, Woto-Gaye G, Langley C, De E B, Holmes K K, Kiviat N B, Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus infection among Senegalese women seropositive for HIV-1 or HIV-2 or seronegative for HIV., International Journal of STD and AIDS, 5(3), 189-93, Spring 1994
 - Holmes K K, Human ecology and behavior and sexually transmitted bacterial infections., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 91(7), 2448-55, 29 Mar 1994
 - Cohen M S, Dallabetta G, Laga M, Holmes K K, A new deal in HIV prevention: lessons from the global approach [editorial] [see comments], Annals of Internal Medicine, 120(4), 340-1, 15 Feb 1994
 - Cook L S, Koutsky L A, Holmes K K, Circumcision and sexually transmitted diseases., American Journal of Public Health, 84(2), 197-201, February 1994
 - Martin H L Jr, Jackson D J, Mandaliya K, Bwayo J, Rakwar J P, Nyange P, Moses S, Ndinya-Achola J O, Holmes K, Plummer F, et al, Preparation for AIDS vaccine evaluation in Mombasa, Kenya: establishment of seronegative cohorts of commercial sex workers and trucking company employees., Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 10 Suppl 2, S235-7, 1994
 - Sande M A, Carpenter C C, Cobbs C G, Holmes K K, Sanford J P, Antiretroviral therapy for adult HIV-infected patients. Recommendations from a state-of-the-art conference. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases State-of-the-Art Panel on Anti-Retrovi, Jama, 270(21), 2583-9, 1 Dec 1993
 - Stergachis A, Scholes D, Heidrich F E, Sherer D M, Holmes K K, Stamm W E, Selective screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a primary care population of women., American Journal of Epidemiology, 138(3), 143-53, 1 Aug 1993
 - Cook L S, Koutsky L A, Holmes K K, Clinical presentation of genital warts among circumcised and uncircumcised heterosexual men attending an urban STD clinic., Genitourinary Medicine, 69(4), 262-4, August 1993
 - Patton D L, Wolner-Hanssen P, Zeng W, Lampe M, Wong K, Stamm W E, Holmes K K, The role of spermatozoa in the pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis salpingitis in a primate model., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 20(4), 214-9, Summer 1993
 - Ashley R L, Dalessio J, Dragavon J, Koutsky L A, Lee F K, Nahmias A J, Stevens C E, Holmes K K, Corey L, Underestimation of HSV-2 seroprevalence in a high-risk population by microneutralization assay., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 20(4), 230-5, Summer 1993
 - Clemetson D B, Moss G B, Willerford D M, Hensel M, Emonyi W, Holmes K K, Plummer F, Ndinya-Achola J, Roberts P L, Hillier S, et al, Detection of HIV DNA in cervical and vaginal secretions. Prevalence and correlates among women in Nairobi, Kenya., Jama, 269(22), 2860-4, 9 Jun 1993
 - Krieger J N, Jenny C, Verdon M, Siegel N, Springwater R, Critchlow C W, Holmes K K, Clinical manifestations of trichomoniasis in men., Annals of Internal Medicine, 118(11), 844-9, 1 Jun 1993
 - Krieger J N, Verdon M, Siegel N, Holmes K K, Natural history of urogenital trichomoniasis in men., Journal of Urology, 149(6), 1455-8, June 1993
 - Kleyn J, Schwebke J, Holmes K K, The validity of injecting drug users' self-reports about sexually transmitted diseases: a comparison of survey and serological data., Addiction, 88(5), 673-80, May 1993
 - Wald A, Corey L, Handsfield H H, Holmes K K, Influence of HIV infection on manifestations and natural history of other sexually transmitted diseases., Annual Review of Public Health, 14, 19-42, 1993
 - Kiviat N B, Critchlow C W, Holmes K K, Kuypers J, Sayer J, Dunphy C, Surawicz C, Kirby P, Wood R, Daling J R, Association of anal dysplasia and human papillomavirus with immunosuppression and HIV infection among homosexual men., Aids, 7(1), 43-9, January 1993
 - Rosenberg M J, Holmes K K, Virucides in prevention of HIV infection. Research Priorities. World Health Organization Working Group on Virucides., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 20(1), 41-4, Winter 1993
 - Krieger J N, Verdon M, Siegel N, Critchlow C, Holmes K K, Risk assessment and laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis in men., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 166(6), 1362-6, December 1992
 - Schachter J, Baseman J B, Holmes K K, Jones R B, The Public Health Service action plan for women's health: STDs [letter; comment], Jama, 268(19), 2647-8, 18 Nov 1992
 - Datta P, Embree J E, Kreiss J K, Ndinya-Achola J O, Muriitha J, Holmes K K, Plummer F A, Resumption of breast-feeding in later childhood: a risk factor for mother to child human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission., Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 11(11), 974-6, November 1992
 - Koutsky L A, Holmes K K, Critchlow C W, Stevens C E, Paavonen J, Beckmann A M, DeRouen T A, Galloway D A, Vernon D, Kiviat N B, A cohort study of the risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or 3 in relation to papillomavirus infection., New England Journal of Medicine, 327(18), 1272-8, 29 Oct 1992
 - Critchlow C W, Holmes K K, Wood R, Krueger L, Dunphy C, Vernon D A, Daling J R, Kiviat N B, Association of human immunodeficiency virus and anal human papillomavirus infection among homosexual men., Archives of Internal Medicine, 152(8), 1673-6, August 1992
 - Kreiss J, Ngugi E, Holmes K, Ndinya-Achola J, Waiyaki P, Roberts P L, Ruminjo I, Sajabi R, Kimata J, Fleming T R, et al, Efficacy of nonoxynol 9 contraceptive sponge use in preventing heterosexual acquisition of HIV in Nairobi prostitutes [see comments], Jama, 268(4), 477-82, 22 Jul 1992
 - Kiviat N B, Koutsky L A, Critchlow C W, Lorincz A T, Cullen A P, Brockway J, Holmes K K, Prevalence and cytologic manifestations of human papilloma virus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, and 56 among 500 consecutive women., International Journal of Gynecological Pathology, 11(3), 197-203, July 1992
 - Koutsky L A, Stevens C E, Holmes K K, Ashley R L, Kiviat N B, Critchlow C W, Corey L, Underdiagnosis of genital herpes by current clinical and viral-isolation procedures [see comments], New England Journal of Medicine, 326(23), 1533-9, 4 Jun 1992
 - Bell T A, Stamm W E, Wang S P, Kuo C C, Holmes K K, Grayston J T, Chronic Chlamydia trachomatis infections in infants [published erratum appears in JAMA 1992 Apr 22-29;267(16):2188], Jama, 267(3), 400-2, 15 Jan 1992
 - Kreiss J K, Kiviat N B, Plummer F A, Roberts P L, Waiyaki P, Ngugi E, Holmes K K, Human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Nairobi prostitutes., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 19(1), 54-9, Winter 1992
 - Holmes K K, The changing epidemiology of HIV transmission., Hospital Practice, 26(11), 153-7, 161, 165 pass, 15 Nov 1991
 - Washington A E, Aral S O, Wolner-Hanssen P, Grimes D A, Holmes K K, Assessing risk for pelvic inflammatory disease and its sequelae [see comments], Jama, 266(18), 2581-6, 13 Nov 1991
 - Rice R J, Roberts P L, Handsfield H H, Holmes K K, Sociodemographic distribution of gonorrhea incidence: implications for prevention and behavioral research [see comments], American Journal of Public Health, 81(10), 1252-8, October 1991
 - Moss G B, Clemetson D, D'Costa L, Plummer F A, Ndinya-Achola J O, Reilly M, Holmes K K, Piot P, Maitha G M, Hillier S L, et al, Association of cervical ectopy with heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus: results of a study of couples in Nairobi, Kenya., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 164(3), 588-91, September 1991
 - Hitchcock P J, Wasserheit J N, Harris J R, Holmes K K, Sexually transmitted diseases in the AIDS era. Development of STD diagnostics for resource-limited settings is a global priority., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 18(2), 133-5, Spring 1991
 - Landers D V, Wolner-Hanssen P, Paavonen J, Thorpe E, Kiviat N, Ohm-Smith M, Green J R, Schachter J, Holmes K K, Eschenbach D A, et al, Combination antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of acute pelvic inflammatory disease., American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 164(3), 849-58, March 1991
 - Kirby P K, Munyao T, Kreiss J, Holmes K K, The challenge of limiting the spread of human immunodeficiency virus by controlling other sexually transmitted diseases., Archives of Dermatology, 127(2), 237-42, February 1991
 - Hillier S L, Critchlow C W, Stevens C E, Roberts M C, Wolner-Hanssen P, Eschenbach D A, Holmes K K, Microbiological, epidemiological and clinical correlates of vaginal colonisation by Mobiluncus species., Genitourinary Medicine, 67(1), 26-31, February 1991
 - Aral S O, Holmes K K, Sexually transmitted diseases in the AIDS era., Scientific American, 264(2), 62-9, February 1991
 - Tam M R, Holmes K K, The STD diagnostic network: priorities for diagnosis of STDs in resource-poor settings., Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences Supplement, 50, 22-3, 1991
 - Wolner-Hanssen P, Patton D L, Holmes K K, Protective immunity in pig-tailed macaques after cervical infection with Chlamydia trachomatis., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 18(1), 21-5, Winter 1991
 - Kiviat N B, Koutsky L A, Critchlow C W, Galloway D A, Vernon D A, Peterson M L, McElhose P E, Pendras S J, Stevens C E, Holmes K K, Comparison of Southern transfer hybridization and dot filter hybridization for detection of cervical human papillomavirus infection with types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, and 35., American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 94(5), 561-5, November 1990
 - Patton D L, Wolner-Hanssen P, Cosgrove S J, Holmes K K, The effects of Chlamydia trachomatis on the female reproductive tract of the Macaca nemestrina after a single tubal challenge following repeated cervical inoculations., Obstetrics and Gynecology, 76(4), 643-50, October 1990
 - Braddick M R, Kreiss J K, Embree J B, Datta P, Ndinya-Achola J O, Pamba H, Maitha G, Roberts P L, Quinn T C, Holmes K K, Impact of maternal HIV infection on obstetrical and early neonatal outcome., Aids, 4(10), 1001-5, October 1990
 - Ehrhardt A A, Fishbein M, Washington E, Smith W, Holmes K K, The NIAID Study Group on Integrated Behavioral Research for Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Part II: Issues in designing behavioral interventions., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 17(4), 204-7, Autumn 1990
 - Schwarcz S K, Zenilman J M, Schnell D, Knapp J S, Hook E W 3d, Thompson S, Judson F N, Holmes K K, National surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project [see comments], Jama, 264(11), 1413-7, 19 Sep 1990
 - Kiviat N B, Paavonen J A, Wolner-Hanssen P, Critchlow C W, Stamm W E, Douglas J, Eschenbach D A, Corey L A, Holmes K K, Histopathology of endocervical infection caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae., Human Pathology, 21(8), 831-7, August 1990
 - Kiviat N, Rompalo A, Bowden R, Galloway D, Holmes K K, Corey L, Roberts P L, Stamm W E, Anal human papillomavirus infection among human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and -seronegative men., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 162(2), 358-61, August 1990
 - Holmes K K, Karon J M, Kreiss J, The increasing frequency of heterosexually acquired AIDS in the United States, 1983-88 [see comments], American Journal of Public Health, 80(7), 858-63, July 1990
 - Wolner-Hanssen P, Eschenbach D A, Paavonen J, Stevens C E, Kiviat N B, Critchlow C, DeRouen T, Koutsky L, Holmes K K, Association between vaginal douching and acute pelvic inflammatory disease., Jama, 263(14), 1936-41, 11 Apr 1990
 - Koutsky L A, Ashley R L, Holmes K K, Stevens C E, Critchlow C W, Kiviat N, Lipinski C M, Wolner-Hanssen P, Corey L, The frequency of unrecognized type 2 herpes simplex virus infection among women. Implications for the control of genital herpes., Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 17(2), 90-4, Spring 1990
 - Jenny C, Hooton T M, Bowers A, Copass M K, Krieger J N, Hillier S L, Kiviat N, Corey L, Stamm W E, Holmes K K, Sexually transmitted diseases in victims of rape [see comments], New England Journal of Medicine, 322(11), 713-6, 15 Mar 1990
 - Krieger J N, Wolner-Hanssen P, Stevens C, Holmes K K, Characteristics of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates from women with and without colpitis macularis., Journal of Infectious Diseases, 161(2), 307-11, February 1990
 - Kiviat N B, Wolner-Hanssen P, Eschenbach D A, Wasserheit J N, Paavonen J A, Bell T A, Critchlow C W, Stamm W E, Moore D E, Holmes K K, Endometrial histopathology in patients with culture-proved upper genital tract infection and laparoscopically diagnosed acute salpingitis., American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 14(2), 167-75, February 1990
 - Wolner-Hanssen P, Eschenbach D A, Paavonen J, Kiviat N, Stevens C E, Critchlow C, DeRouen T, Holmes K K, Decreased risk of symptomatic chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease associated with oral contraceptive use [see comments], Jama, 263(1), 54-9, 5 Jan 1990
 - Paavonen J, Kiviat N B, Wolner-Hanssen P, Stevens C E, Vontver L A, Brockway J, Critchlow C W, DeRouen T, Holmes K K, Significance of mild cervical cytologic atypia in a sexually transmitted disease clinic population., Acta Cytologica, 33(6), 831-8, Autumn 1989
 - Kiviat N B, Peterson M, Kinney-Thomas E, Tam M, Stamm W E, Holmes K K, Cytologic manifestations of cervical and vaginal infections. II. Confirmation of Chlamydia trachomatis infection by direct immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies., Jama, 253(7), 997-1000, 15 Feb 1985

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