Dr. Jon David Reuter |
|
Yale University School of Medicine Comparative Medicine Assistant Professor |
Mailing AddressP.O. Box 208016 New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8016United States | Contact Information |
Qualifications
Diplomate ACLAM, Laboratory Animal Medicine, 2000.
Fellowship(s), University of Michigan, Laboratory Animal Medicine, 1999.
D.V.M., University of California, Davis, 1996.
M.P.V.M., University of California, Davis, 1996.
B.S., University of California, Davis, Veterinary Science, 1994.
Expertise and Research Interests
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a species-specific herpes virus with an estimated prevalence of 50-90%. Most immunocompetent individuals do not suffer adverse consequences from HCMV infection. However, when the immune system is suppressed (as in patients with AIDS or undergoing immunosuppressive therapy) HCMV can cause neurological deficits, mental disorders, cognitive impairment, and potentially fatal systemic infection. More than 90% of AIDS patients are co-infected with HCMV and the rate of congenital infection is elevated up to 2100% in the children of HIV-infected mothers. Active infection with HCMV in immunocompromised individuals may further suppress the immune system. In addition, HCMV is the major cause of neurologic birth defects, with risk of mental retardation, epilepsy, blindness, hydrocephalus, and deafness.
Although the general impact of HCMV is well described, little is known about the mechanism of HCMV entry and dissemination in the central nervous system (CNS) or the role of the immune system in protecting the CNS from infection. The site of viral entry into the CNS may have a significant impact on the clinical course of disease. Most pathogens gain entry to the CNS through one of two routes. Direct extension from the olfactory mucosa into olfactory brain has been demonstrated for a number of viruses. Alternatively, CMV may gain access through the blood brain barrier secondary to viremia, either through capillary fenestrations or loss of capillary integrity. Previous work has demonstrated mouse CMV (MCMV) in endothelial cells in the brain indicating that it may initially infect CNS vessels. Animal models for HCMV infection of the CNS are limited to descriptions of CMV recovery in the brain after direct intracranial injection in mature mice or parenteral injection in neonatal mice. In adults, the blood brain barrier blocks viral access, whereas in neonates, the barrier is incomplete for several days after birth; a potential window of opportunity for viral entry. Knowledge of factors affecting viral entry into the CNS could explain resulting virus induced deficits in specific regions of the brain. Current research focuses on studying the communication and interactions between factors between neuroimmunology and infectious disease. Using cytomegalovirus invasion of the immunologically depressed central nervous system, goals are to assess immunocytotherapy as an effective means of treating/ameliorating neurotropic disease. This involves adaptive transfer of select cells of the adaptive immune system as well as identification and manipulation cytokine modulators of the immune response. With an understanding of key host responses to neurotropic infection, research aims will then be shifted towards vaccine development in the at-risk population for HIV/AIDS with the objective of inducing protective, lasting immunity that withstands concurrent immunosuppression.
Although the general impact of HCMV is well described, little is known about the mechanism of HCMV entry and dissemination in the central nervous system (CNS) or the role of the immune system in protecting the CNS from infection. The site of viral entry into the CNS may have a significant impact on the clinical course of disease. Most pathogens gain entry to the CNS through one of two routes. Direct extension from the olfactory mucosa into olfactory brain has been demonstrated for a number of viruses. Alternatively, CMV may gain access through the blood brain barrier secondary to viremia, either through capillary fenestrations or loss of capillary integrity. Previous work has demonstrated mouse CMV (MCMV) in endothelial cells in the brain indicating that it may initially infect CNS vessels. Animal models for HCMV infection of the CNS are limited to descriptions of CMV recovery in the brain after direct intracranial injection in mature mice or parenteral injection in neonatal mice. In adults, the blood brain barrier blocks viral access, whereas in neonates, the barrier is incomplete for several days after birth; a potential window of opportunity for viral entry. Knowledge of factors affecting viral entry into the CNS could explain resulting virus induced deficits in specific regions of the brain. Current research focuses on studying the communication and interactions between factors between neuroimmunology and infectious disease. Using cytomegalovirus invasion of the immunologically depressed central nervous system, goals are to assess immunocytotherapy as an effective means of treating/ameliorating neurotropic disease. This involves adaptive transfer of select cells of the adaptive immune system as well as identification and manipulation cytokine modulators of the immune response. With an understanding of key host responses to neurotropic infection, research aims will then be shifted towards vaccine development in the at-risk population for HIV/AIDS with the objective of inducing protective, lasting immunity that withstands concurrent immunosuppression.
Other Expertise
I wish to be contacted by interested students (medical, graduate or undergraduates) as a potential research mentor/thesis advisor.
Future Research
Immunocytotherapy holds great potential for the treatment of neurotropic disease. As we unmask the immunologic components necessary for clearance of neurotropic infection, we will also begin to explore potential vaccines against cytomegalovirus with the ultimate goal of long-term protection against disease.
Keywords
COS Keywords:
Animal Models, Brain, Developmental Disabilities, Gene Therapy, Herpes, Immunology, Immunotherapy, Infectious Diseases Or Agents, Neonatal Disorders, Opportunistic Infections, Preventive Medicine, Vaccine, Viral Infections, Virology.Additional Terms:
Animal Models, Brain, CMV, CNS, Cytomegalovirus, Immunology, Infectious Disease, MCMV, Vaccine, Viral Vectors, Virology.Languages
(Reading, Writing, Speaking)
English: (Fluent, Fluent, Fluent)
Memberships
Alpha Zeta Honor Society
American Association for Laboratory Animal Science
American Association of Immunologists
American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine
American Committee on Laboratory Animal Diseases
American Society for Microbiology
American Society for Virology
American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners (ASLAP)
American Veterinary Medical Association
Association of Primate Veterinarians
Golden Key National Honor Society
Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society
Phi Zeta Veterinary Medical Honor Society
Funding Received
- American Cancer Society (ACS): Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Expressing CRPV L1 Protein as a Vaccine Against Papillomavirus-induced Carcinogenesis, $20,000, Nov 1, 1999 to Oct 31, 2000.
- Charles River Laboratories: Animal Grant, $3000, Jun 2000 to Jun 2001.
- National Institutes of Health (NIH): Neurotropic cytomegalovirus during immunosuppression, $650,700, Apr 2002 to Mar 2007.
Publications
- Reuter JD, Gomez DL, Wilson JH, van den Pol AN, Neurotropic cytomegalovirus infection resulting from peripheral infection selectively during immunodeficiency, Journal of Virology, 78(3), 1473-1487, February 2004
- van den Pol AN, Reuter JD, Santarelli JG, Enhanced cytomegalovirus infection of developing brain independent of the
adaptive immune system, Journal of Virology, 76(17), 8842-54, September 2002
- Reuter JD, Vivas-Gonzalez BE, Gomez D, Wilson JH, Brandsma JL, Greenstone HL, Rose JK, Roberts A, Intranasal vaccination with a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus
expressing cottontail rabbit papillomavirus L1 protein provides complete
protection against papillomavirus-induced dise, Journal of Virology, 76(17), 8900-9, September 2002
- Reuter JD, Ovadia S, Howell P, Jaskwich DH, Femoral fracture repair and postoperative management in new zealand white
rabbits, Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science / American Association for Laboratory Animal Science., 41(4), 49-52, July 2002
- Ovadia S, Zeiss C J, Reuter J D, Macy J D, Anisocoria and middle cerebral artery saccular (berry) aneurysm in a
rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), 51(6), 562-6, December 2001
- Reuter JD, Gomez D, Brandsma JL, Rose JK, Roberts A, Optimization of cottontail rabbit papilloma virus challenge technique, Journal of Virological Methods, 98(2), 127-34, November 2001
- Reuter JD, Gomez DL, Wilson JH, van den Pol AN., Animal model for neurotropic cytomegalovirus infection in immunosuppressed patients, Contemporary Topics in Laboratory Animal Science, 40, 73, 2001
- Reuter JD, Ovadia S, The Cheshire cat paradox, In: Protocol Review, Lab Animal, 30, 20-21, 2001
- Reuter JD, Gomez DL, van den Pol AN, Peripheral cytomegalovirus inoculation resulting in virus migration into the central nervous system of adult mice, Proceedings: Poster # S-7; American Society for Microbiology 101st General meeting, Orlando, Fl, 2001
- Hamouda T, Myc A, Donovan B, Shih AY, Reuter JD, Baker JR Jr, A novel surfactant nanoemulsion with a unique non-irritant topical antimicrobial activity against bacteria, enveloped viruses and fungi, Microbiological Research, 156(1), 1-7, 2001
- Reuter JD, Zeiss CJ, Confounding influences on phenotype expression in MRL/lpr mice, Comparative Medicine, 50(3), 329-32, June 2000
- Donovan BW, Reuter JD, Cao Z, Myc A, Johnson KJ, Baker JR Jr, Prevention of murine influenza A virus pneumonitis by surfactant nano-emulsions, Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy, 11(1), 41-9, Jan 2000
- Roberts A., Rose N., Reuter J., Buonocore L., Marx P., and Rose J. K., Live attenuated recombinant VSVs Demonstrate potential vaccine applications, 6th National Symposium - Basic Aspects of Vaccines, Bethesda, MD., 2000
- Reuter JD, Myc A, Hayes MM, Gan Z, Roy R, Qin D, Yin R, Piehler LT, Esfand R, Tomalia DA, Baker JR Jr, Inhibition of viral adhesion and infection by sialic-acid-conjugated dendritic polymers, Bioconjugate Chemistry, 10(2), 271-8, 1999
- Reuter JD, Cao Z, Baker JR., Animal model development for evaluating countermeasures to pathogenic biologic agents, Laboratory Animal Science, 1999
- Reuter JD, Dysko RC, Chrisp CE, Review of exertional rhabdomyolysis and a case in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), Journal of Medical Primatology, 27(6), 303-9, December 1998
- Reuter JD, Marks SL, Farver TB, Rogers QR., Retrospective analysis of total parental nutrition vs. enteral nutrition in critically ill canines at the VMTH - Davis, Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care, 8, 201-213, 1998
Profile Details
Last Updated: 6/24/2005
COS Expertise ID #689874
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