Dr. Gerhard Kramm

(Reading, Writing, Speaking)

United States Department of Defense (DOD): Uncertainty analysis of cloud microphysical processes, $69,721, 2003 to 2004.
European Commission (EC): Deposition of ozone and nitrogen dioxide to European forests, ECU 32,500.00, 1993 to 1994.
German Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology (BMBF): Development, evaluation and application of the inferential method (English translation of the German title), DM 260,000.00, 1993 to 1995.
German Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technology (BMBF): Calculation and interpolation of the area-dependent atmospheric input by dry deposition (English translation of the German title), DM 339,000.00, 1993 to 1996.
German Ministry for Research and Technology (BMFT): Further development of the inferential method (English translation of the German title), DM 48,000.00, 1992 to 1992.
German Ministry for Research and Technology (BMFT): Development and application of diagnostic models of the atmospheric boundary layer for determining the dry deposition of trace gases (English translation of the German title), DM 410,000.00, 1990 to 1992.
German Ministry for Research and Technology (BMFT): Development of a meteorological-photochemical model for simulating the transport, the diffusion, and the deposition of reactive trace gases over irregular terrain (English translation of the German title), DM 898,000.00, 1987 to 1990.

• Nicole Mölders, Gerhard Kramm (2009) Permafrost Modeling in Weather Forecasts and Climate Projections In Max I. Krugger, Harry P. Stern (eds), New Permafrost and Glacier Research, Hauppauge NY, Nova Science Publishers, 51-88 pages, ISBN=978-1-60692-6 (bookchapter)
• Gerhard Kramm, Ralph Dlugi, Michael Zelger (2009) Comments on the "Proof of the atmospheric greenhouse effect" by Arthur P. Smith, http://arxiv.org/abs/0904.2767
• Gerhard Kramm, Fritz Herbert (2009) Similarity hypotheses for the atmospheric surface layer expressed by non-dimensional characteristic invariants - A review, The Open Atmospheric Science Journal, 3, 48-79
• Gerhard Kramm, Nicole Mölders (2009) Planck's blackbody radiation law: Presentation in different domains and determination of the related dimensional constants, http://arxiv.org/abs/0901.1863
• Nicole Mölders, Gerhard Kramm (2009) A case study on wintertime inversions in Interior Alaska with WRF, Atmospheric Research, In Press
• Kramm, G., Dlugi, R., Zelger, M. (2008) On the recognition of fundamental physical principles in recent atmospheric-environmental studies, Journal of the Calcutta Mathematical Society, 4 (1 & 2), 31-55
• Kramm G (2008) Comment to "Recent Climate Observations Compared to Projections" by Rahmstorf et al., http://arxiv.org/abs/0801.1870
• Kramm, G. (2007) A Note on Lettau's Climatonomy Equation and its Use to Classify Droughts, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 90, 169-172
• Mölders, N., Kramm, G. (2007) Influence of wildfire induced land-cover changes on clouds and precipitation in Interior Alaska - A case study, Atmospheric Research, 84 (2), 142-168
• Kramm, G., Herbert, F. (2006) Heuristic Derivation of Blackbody Radiation Laws Using Principles of Dimensional Analysis, Journal of the Calcutta Mathematical Society, 2 (2), 1-20
• Kramm, G., Dlugi, R. (2006) On the Correction of Eddy Fluxes of Water Vapour and Trace Gases, Journal of the Calcutta Mathematical Society, 2 (1), 29-54
• Kramm, G., Herbert, F. (2006) The Structure Functions of the Velocity and Temperature Fields From the Perspective of Dimensional Scaling, Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, 76 (1), 23-60
• Mölders, N., Jankov, M., Kramm, G. (2005) Application of Gaussian Error Propagation Principles for Theoretical Assessment of Model Uncertainty in Simulated Soil Processes Caused By Thermal and Hydraulic Parameters, Journal of Hydrometeorology, 6 (6), 1045-1062
• Kramm, G., Mölders, N. (Aug 2005) On the Transfer of Momentum, Sensible Heat and Matter Across the Interfacial Sublayer Over Aerodynamically Smooth Surfaces, Journal of the Calcutta Mathematical Society, 1 (3 & 4), 105-120
• Kramm, G., Dlugi, R., Mölders, N. (2004) On the Vertically Averaged Balance Equation of Atmospheric Trace Constituents, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 86 (1-2), 121-141
• Mölders, N., Haferkorn, U., Döring, J., Kramm, G. (2003) Long-term investigations on the water budget quantities predicted by the hydro-thermodynamic soil vegetation scheme (HTSVS) - Part II: Evaluation, sensitivity, and uncertainty, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 84 (1-2), 137-156
• Mölders, N., Haferkorn, U., Döring, J., Kramm, G. (2003) Long-term investigations on the water budget quantities predicted by the hydro-thermodynamic soil vegetation scheme (HTSVS) - part I: Description of the model and impact of long-wave radiation, roots, snow, and soil frost, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 84 (1-2), 115-135
• Kramm, G., Dlugi, R., Mölders, N. (2002) Sublayer-Stanton numbers of heat and matter for aerodynamically smooth surfaces: Basic considerations and evaluation, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 79 (3-4), 173-194
• Kramm, G., Apelt, E. (2001) Zur Bewertung des Abbrandverhaltens von Produktions- und Lagerstoffen in großen Versuchsräumen, vfdb-Zeitschrift, 1, 6-17
• Kramm, G., Dlugi, R. (2000) Kommentar zu Sensitivity of ozone production to VOC and NOx emissions - A case study with the box-model BAYROZON' von Emeis et al, Meteorologische Zeitschrift, N.F., 9, 189-194
• Kramm, G., Meixner, F.X. (2000) On the dispersion of trace species in the atmospheric boundary layer: A re-formulation of the governing equations for the turbulent flow of the compressible atmosphere, Tellus, 52A, 500-522
• Kramm, G., Dlugi, R., Meixner, F.X., Müller, H., Werle, P., Evaluation of micro¬meteorological methods for determining the evapotranspiration over natural sur¬faces, Tetzlaff, G., Grünewald, U. (eds.), 2. Tagung des Fachausschusses Hydrometeoro¬logie, 15.-16. November 1999, Mitt. Meteorol. Inst., Univ. Leipzig, 16, 37-56, 1999
• Kramm, G., Beier, N., Dlugi, R., Müller, H. (1999) Evaluation of conditional sampling methods, Contribution to Atmospheric Physics, 72 (2), 161-172
• Mölders, N., Kramm, G. (1999) On the influence of the parameterization of soil and vegetation processes upon the simulated evapotranspiration, Döll, P., Fohrer, N. (eds.), Modellierung des Wasser- und Stofftransports in großen Einzugsgebieten, Kassel, Germany, Kassel University Press, 163-172 pages (bookchapter)
• Mölders, N., Kramm, G., Laube, M., Raabe, A. (1997) On the influence of bulk parameterization schemes of cloud microphysics on the predicted water cycle relevant quantities - a case study, Meteorologische Zeitschrift, N.F., 6, 21-32
• Sutton, M, Wyers, G.P., Meixner, F.X., Schorring, J.K., Kesselmeier, J., Kramm , G., Duyzer, J.H. (1997) Biosphere-atmosphere exchange of ammonia, In: Slanina, S. (ed.), EUROTRAC Final Report, Vol. 4, Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Pollutants and Trace Substances, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York, Springer-Verlag, 15-44 pages (bookchapter)
• Fowler, D., Meixner, F.X., Duyzer, J.H., Kramm, G., Granat, L. (1997) Atmosphere-surface exchange of nitrogen oxides and ozone, Slanina, S. (ed.), EUROTRAC Final Report , Vol. 4, Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Pollutants and Trace Substances, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York, Springer-Verlag, 135-166 pages (bookchapter)
• Stockwell, W.R., Kramm, G., Scheel, H.-E., Mohnen, V.A., Seiler, W. (1997) Ozone formation, destruction and exposure in Europe and United States, Sandermann, Jr., H., Wellburn, A.R., Heath, R.L. (eds.), Forest Decline and Ozone: A Comparison of Controlled Chamber and Field Experiments, Vol. 127 Edition, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York, Springer-Verlag, 1-38 pages (bookchapter)
• Kramm, G., Beier, N., Foken, T., Müller, H., Schröder, P., Seiler, W. (1996) A SVAT scheme for NO, NO2, and O3 - Model description and test results, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 61, 89-106
• Kramm, G., Foken, T., Mölders, N., Müller, H., Paw U, K.T. (1996) On the sublayer Stanton numbers of heat and matter for different types of natural surfaces, Contribution to Atmospheric Physics, 69, 417-430
• Kramm, G., Herbert, F., Bernhardt, K., Müller, H., Werle, P., Foken, T., Richter, S.H. (1996) Stability functions for momentum, heat and water vapour and the vertical transport of TKE and pressure fluctuations estimated from measured vertical profiles of wind speed, temperature, and humidity, Contribution to Atmospheric Physics, 69 (4), 463-475
• Spindler, G., Mölders, N., Beier, N., Hanß, J., Kramm, G. (1996) Determining the dry deposition of SO2, O3, NO, and NO2 at the SANA core station Melpitz, Meteorologische Zeitschrift, N.F., 5, 205-220
• Mölders, N., Raabe, A., Kramm, G., Laube, M. (1996) A comparative analysis of two bulk microphysics parameterizations used in a meso-beta-scale non-hydrostatic meteorological model, 12th International Conference on Clouds and Precipita¬tion, Zürich, Switzerland,, 1259-1262 pages
• Werle, P., Kormann, R., Mücke, R., Foken, Th., Kramm, G., Müller, H. (1996) Analysis of time series data: A time domain stability criterion for stationarity tests, EUROTRAC Sym¬po¬sium '96, Transport and Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere, Southampton/Boston,, Compu¬tational Mechanics Publi¬cations, 703-708 pages
• Kramm, G., Mölders, N. (1996) Numerical investigations on the exchange of water fluxes and reactive trace constituents under consideration of various aspects of heterogeneity, EUROTRAC Symposium '96, Transport and Transformation of Pollutants in the Troposphere, Southampton/Boston, Computational Mechanics Publications, 379-384 pages
• Kramm, G., Muller, H., Schröder, P., Seiler, S., Dlugi, R., Seiler, T., Foken, T., Mölders, N., Sievering, H. (1995) Modeled vertical profiles of fluxes and concentrations of atmospheric trace constituents and their modification by chemical reactions, Transactions A&WMA, 224-248
• Mölders, N., Laube, M., Kramm, G. (1995) On the role of parameterized ice microphysics on cloud structures, dynamics and sulfate distributions, Transactions A&WMA, 108-127
• Foken, T., Dlugi, R., Kramm, G. (1995) On the determination of dry deposition and emission of gaseous compounds at the biosphere-atmosphere-interface, Meteorologische Zeitschrift, N.F., 4, 91-118
• Kramm, G., Dlugi, R., Dollard, G.J., Foken, T., Mölders, N., Müller, H., Seiler, W., Sievering, H. (1995) On the dry deposition of ozone and reactive nitrogen species, Atmospheric Environment, 29, 3209-3231
• Kramm, G., Dlugi, R., Lenschow, D.H. (1995) A re-evaluation of the Webb-correction using density-weighted averages, Journal of Hydrology, 166, 283-292
• Kramm, G. (1995) A re-evaluation of the Webb-correction using density-weighted averages - Reply, Journal of Hydrology, 173, 345-346
• Kramm, G., Müller, H., Dlugi, R. (1995) On the relationship between the roughness length of a scalar quantity and the corresponding sublayer-Stanton number, Meteorologische Zeitschrift, N.F., 4, 209-212
• Mölders, N., Laube, M., Kramm, G. (1995) On the parameterization of ice microphysics in a mesoscale a weather forecast model, Atmospheric Research, 38, 207-235
• Kramm, G. (1995) Zum Austausch von Ozon und reaktiven Stickstoffverbindungen zwischen Atmosphäre und Biosphäre, Frank¬furt/Main, Germany, Wissenschafts-Verlag Dr. W. Maraun, 268 pages
• Kramm, G., Dlugi, R. (1994) Modelling of the vertical fluxes of nitric acid, ammonia, and ammonium nitrate in the atmospheric surface layer, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 18, 319-357
• Sievering, H., Enders, G., Kins, L., Kramm, G., Ruoss, K., Roider, G., Anderson, L., Dlugi, R. (1994) Nitric acid, particulate nitrate, and ammonium profiles at the Bayerischer Wald: Evidence for large deposition rates of total nitrate, Atmospheric Environment, 28, 311-315
• Kramm, G., Dlugi, R., Mölders, N., Müller, H. (1994) Numerical investigations of the dry deposition of reactive trace gases, Baldasano, J.M., Brebbia, C.A., Power, H., Zannetti, P. (eds.), Air Pollution II, Vol. 1: Computer Simulation, Southampton, Boston, Computational Mechanics Publications, 285-307 pages (bookchapter)
• Mölders, N., Laube, M., Kramm, G. (1994) A scheme for parameterizing ice and water clouds in regional models, EUROTRAC Sym¬po¬sium '94, The Hague, The Nether¬lands, SPB Academic Publishing, 839-844 pages
• Kramm, G., Dlugi, R., Müller, H., On the determination of dry deposition fluxes of ozone, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, EUROTRAC Newsletter, 11, 2-9, 1993
• Müller, H., Kramm, G., Meixner, F., Fowler, D., Dollard, G.J., Possanzini, M. (1993) Determination of HNO3 dry deposition by modified Bowen ratio and aerodynamic profile techniques, Tellus, 45B, 346-367
• Kramm, G., Beheng, K.-D., Müller, H. (1992) Vertical transport of polydispersed aerosol particles in the atmospheric surface layer, Schwartz, S.E., Slinn, W.G.N. (eds.), Precipitation Scavenging and Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Processes, Vol. 2 - The Semonin Volume, Washington/Philadelphia/London, Hemisphere Publ., 1125-1141 pages (bookchapter)
• Kramm, G. (1991) Modellierung des Vertikaltransports von Aerosolpartikeln in der bodennahen Luftschicht, Meteorologische Rundschau, 43, 65-80
• Kramm, G., Müller, H., Fowler, D., Höfken, K.D., Meixner, F.X., Schaller, E. (1991) A modified profile method for determining the vertical fluxes of NO, NO2, ozone, and HNO3 in the atmospheric surface layer, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 13, 265-288
• Kramm, G. (1989) A numerical method for determining the dry deposition of atmospheric trace gases, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 48, 157-176
• Kramm, G. (1989) The estimation of the surface layer parameters from wind velocity, temperature and humidity profiles by least squares methods, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 48, 315-327
• Kramm, G. (1989) Vertikaltransport von Spurenstoffen in der bodennahen Luftschicht über ebenen Oberflächen (in German), Löbel, J., Paduch, M. (Edn.), Wechselwirkung zwischen Atmosphäre und technischen Oberflächen, VDI-Bericht Nr. 721 Edition, Düsseldorf, Germany, VDI-Verlag, 179-235 pages (bookchapter)
• Enders, G, Teichmann, U., Kramm, G. (1989) Profiles of ozone and surface-layer parameters over a mature spruce stand, Georgii, H.-W. (ed.) Mechanisms and Effects of Pollutant-Transfer into Forests, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publ., 21-35 pages (bookchapter)
• Kramm , G. (1988) A numerical method for determining the dry deposition of atmospheric trace constituents, In: Löbel, J., Grefen, K. (eds.) Environmental Meteorology, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publ., 161-181 pages (bookchapter)
• Kramm, G., Herbert, F., Numerische Simulation von Photosmog in einem dynamisch-kinetischen Modell der atmosphärischen Grenzschicht, Annalen der Meteorologie, N.F., 23, 200-201, 1986
• Wobrock, W., Kramm , G., Herbert, F. (1986) The influence of the aerosol distribution and composition on the formation and, Aerosols, formation and reactivity , The Proceedings of the 2nd International Aerosol Conference, 426-429 pages
• Herbert, F., Kramm, G. (1985) Trockene Deposition reaktionsträger Substanzen, beschrieben mit einem diagnostischen Modell der bodennahen Luftschicht (in German), Becker K.H., Löbel, J. (Edn.), Atmosphärische Spurenstoffe und ihr physikalisch-chemisches Verhalten, Berlin/Heidelberg/New York/Tokyo, Springer-Verlag, 190-209 pages (bookchapter)
• Kramm, G., Herbert, F. (1984) Ein numerisches Modell zur Deposi¬tion von Schadstof¬fen in der bodennahen Luft¬schicht, Probleme der Umwelt- und Medizinmeteorologie im Gebirge, Vienna, Austria, Zentral¬anstalt f. Meteorologie u. Geo¬dynamik, 22-38 pages
• Kramm, G., In situ-Messungen mit einer Fesselballonsonde über dem Stadtgebiet von Köln, Annalen der Meteorologie, N.F., 20, 64-65, 1983
• Kramm, G., Herbert, F., Bestimmung lokaler Transport- und Depositionsraten in der ABL, Annalen der Meteorologie, N.F., 19, 204-206, 1982
• Herbert, F., Kramm , G. (1982) A discussion of approximate relations for transfer and deposition of trace constituents, Herbert, F. (ed.), Atmospheric Trace Consti¬tu¬ents, Pro¬cee¬dings of the SFB-73 Colloquium in Mainz, 1981, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, Germany, Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn, 27-40 pages (bookchapter)
• Behnke, W., Spohr, G., Bujnoch, A., Kramm, G., Warmbier, G., Messungen der Temperaturschichtung und -fluktuationen mittels Schallrückstreuung über dem Stadtgebiet von Köln, Annalen der Meteorologie, N.F., 15, 138-140, 1980