Prof. Oliver K. Manuel

Measurements* on the masses (nuclear packing fractions) of all 3000 stable and radioactive atoms and on their abundances in the solar wind, in solar flares, in the Earth, the Moon, Mars, Jupiter and in meteorites reveal that:

a. Repulsive interactions between neutrons in the solar core cause neutron-emission, neutron-decay, and partial fusion of the decay product to generate solar luminosity and the observed outpouring of solar neutrinos and solar-wind Hydrogen from the solar surface:
http://www.omatumr.com/Data/2000Data.htm

b. The Sun is a magnetic plasma diffuser that selectively moves lightweight elements like Hydrogen and Helium and lightweight isotopes of each element into the photosphere. These lightweight atoms cover the neutron-rich cores and iron-rich interiors of ordinary stars and fill interstellar space with H and He, just as electrons fill atomic space.
http://www.omatumr.com/images/Fig2.htm

c. A local supernova (SN) explosion ago gave birth to the Solar System and its elements: http://www.omatumr.com/Origin.htm

d. Combined U-Pb and Pu-Xe age shows that the SN explosion occurred five (5) billion years ago: http://www.omatumr.com/Data/1994Data.htm

e. The Sun, the Earth, the other planets, and meteorites formed directly from fresh SN debris: i) Iron meteorites and the iron cores of the terrestrial planets formed from material orbiting nearby; ii) Silicates formed further from the Sun; iii) Light elements (H, He, C, N) from the SN envelope formed the giant gaseous planets; and iv) The Sun formed on the remnant neutron star:
http://www.omatumr.com/Photographs/Suns_core.htm

f. The most abundant elements in the Sun are the same ones that are most abundant in ordinary meteorites and rocky planets: Iron (Fe), Oxygen (O), Nickel (Ni), Silicon (Si) and Sulfur (S).

g. Solar neutrinos do not oscillate away before reaching detectors! Measurements of double-beta decay rates confirm that the conservation laws of nature remain valid over the longest measurable time scale (~10^24 years for double beta-decay of tellurium-128).

h. Solar cycles and changes in Earth's climate are induced by interaction of the Sun's dense, energetic neutron core with the planets as they move in ever-changing orbits and jerk the Sun, like a yo-yo on a string, about the center-of-mass-of the Solar System.

Key findings are available in the following papers and hyper-links:

1. "Noble gases in the Fayetteville meteorite,"
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 31, 2413-2431 (1967).
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1967GeCoA..31.2413M

2. "Mass fractionation and isotope anomalies in neon and xenon,"
Nature 227, 1113-1116 (1970); doi:10.1038/2271113a0
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v227/n5263/abs/2271113a0.html

3. "The xenon record of extinct radioactivities in the Earth,"
Science 174, 1334-1336 (1971); 10.1126/science.174.4016.1334
http://www.omatumr.com/archive/XenonRecord.pdf
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/174/4016/1334

4. "The role of isotopic mass fractionation in the production of
noble gas anomalies in lunar fines from the Apollo 15 mission",
Proceedings of Third Lunar Science Conf, vol. 2, 1927-1945 (1972).
http://www.omatumr.com/Data/1972Data1.htm

5. "Xenon in carbonaceous chondrites",
Nature 240, 99-101 (1972);
CODEN: NPSCA6; ISSN: 0300-8746
www.omatumr.com/archive/XenonInCarbonaceousChondrites.pdf

6. "Double beta-decay of tellurium-128",
Physical Review 11, 1378-1384 (1975).

7. "Elemental and isotopic inhomogeneities in noble gases:
The case for local synthesis of the chemical elements",
Transactions Missouri Academy Sciences 9, 104-122 (1975).

8. "Noble gases in an Hawaiian xenolith",
Nature 257, 778-780 (1975); doi:10.1038/257778b0
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v257/n5529/abs/257778b0.html

9. "Xenon record of the early solar system",
Nature 262, 28-32 (1976); doi: 10.1038/262028a0
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v262/n5563/abs/262028a0.html

10. "Strange xenon, extinct super-heavy elements,
and the solar neutrino puzzle", Science 195, 208-209 (1977);
doi: 10.1126/science.208-b
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/195/4274/208-b
http://www.omatumr.com/archive/StrangeXenon.pdf
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1977Sci...195..208M-

11. "Iodine-129 in man, cow and deer",
Health Physics 34, 691-699 (1978).
http://tinyurl.com/2n9eq8 or
http://www.health-physics.com/pt/re/healthphys/abstract.00004032-197806000-00018.htm;jsessionid=LgKpmJzxGJYvhMtm2QKmZ620T25JQcxprNR4Q1SjJHkRqyLnDTnF!1379360954!181195629!8091!-1

12. "Comment on isotopic anomalies" in Proceedings of
the Robert Welch Foundation Conference on Chemical Research
XII. Cosmochemistry, pages 263-272 (1978).

13. "Isotopes of tellurium, xenon and krypton in the Allende
meteorite retain record of nucleosynthesis",
Nature 277, 615-620 (1979); doi:10.1038/277615a0
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v277/n5698/abs/277615a0.html

14. "The neon alphabet game", Proceedings of the
Eleventh Lunar Planet Sci. Conf. 15, 879-899 (1980);
http://tinyurl.com/2944m9 or
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2005/Neon_alphabet_game.pdf or
http://tinyurl.com/36zvrt or
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1980LPSC...11..879S&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf

15. "The enigma of helium and anomalous xenon,"
Icarus 41, 312-315 (Feb 1980); doi:10.1016/0019-1035(80)90014-7
http://tinyurl. com/nu82de or http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WGF-4731369-V9&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=c9668a26c17e91112926b491f8d126e4

16. "Noble gas anomalies and synthesis of the chemical
elements", Meteoritics 15, 117-138 (30 June 1980);
http://tinyurl.com/yqdafh or
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2005/Noble_Gas_Anomalies.pdf or
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1980Metic..15..117S&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf

17. "The noble gas record of the terrestrial planets",
Geochemical Journal 15, 247-267 (1981).
http://www.omatumr.com/archive/NobleGas.pdf

18. "Terrestial-type xenon in meteoritic troilite",
Nature 299, 807-810 (1982) doi:10.1038/299807a0
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v299/n5886/abs/299807a0.html

19. "Iodine-129 in Missouri thyroids",
Health Physics 42, 425-432 (1982);
http://tinyurl.com/ypbrms
http://www.health-physics.com/pt/re/healthphys/abstract.00004032-197806000-00018.htm;jsessionid=GvjQ5TwTvdB4ztsDRKQ95bfvTQ5lTGwVz1w2GJDGNrG1SRxnzmWx!-1804036389!-949856145!8091!-1

20. ""Information of astrophysical interest in the isotopes
of solar wind implanted noble gases", 14th Lunar Planetary
Science Conference, Houston, TX, pp. 458-459, March 1983;
http://tinyurl.com/lfgscp

21. "Solar abundances of the elements",
Meteoritics 18, 209-222 (1983); ISSN 0026-1114
http://tinyurl.com/224kz4
http://www.omatumr.com/archive/SolarAbundances.pdf
http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1983Metic..18..209M&data_type=PDF_HIGH&whole_paper=YES&type=PRINTER&filetype=.pdf

22. "Double beta-decay of Se-82 and Te-130",
Nuclear Physics A457, 285 (1986); doi:10.1016/0375-9474(86)90378-7;
http://tinyurl.com/2y6sxd
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986NuPhA.457..285L

23. "Double beta-decay of tellurium-128 and tellurium-130",
Nuclear Physics A 481, 484-493 (1988).
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1988NuPhA.481..484L

24. "Geochemical measurements of double-beta decay",
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 17, S221-S229 (1991);
doi:10.1088/0954-3899/17/S/024
http://www.iop.org/EJ/cites/0954-3899/17/S/024

25. "Terrestrial-type xenon in sulfides of the Allende meteorite",
Geochemical Journal 30, 17-30 (1996).
http://www.terrapub.co.jp/journals/GJ/pdf/3001/30010017.PDF

26. "Isotopic ratios in Jupiter confirm intra-solar diffusion",
Meteoritics and Planetary Science 33, A97, abstract 5011 (1998).
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/metsoc98/pdf/5011.pdf

27. "Strange xenon in Jupiter",
Journal of Radioanalytical & Nuclear Chemistry 238, 119-121 (1998).
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2001/windleranalysis.pdf

28. "Origin of the solar system and its chemical elements",
abstract 1974 , 29th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference,
Houston, TX, USA, March 16-20, 1998.
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC98/pdf/1974.pdf

29. "Isotope ratios: The key to elemental abundance and
nuclear reactions in the Sun", in The Origin of Elements in
the Solar System: Implications of Post 1957 Observations,
O. K. Manuel, editor, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers,
New York, NY, pp. 279-287 (2000).
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2001/iso_book.pdf

30. "Abundances of hydrogen and helium isotopes in Jupiter",
in The Origin of Elements in the Solar System: Implications of
Post 1957 Observations, O. K. Manuel, editor, Kluwer Academic/
Plenum Publishers, New York, NY, pp. 529-543 (2000).
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2005/Nolte_and_Lietz.pdf

31. "Origin of elements in the Solar System", in The Origin
of the Elements in the Solar System: Implications of Post 1957
Observations, O. K. Manuel, editor, Kluwer Academic/Plenum
Publishers, New York, NY, pp. 589-643 (2000).
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2001/origin_solar_system_book.pdf

32. "The Sun's origin, composition and source of energy",
Abstract 1041 , 32nd Lunar and Planetary Science Conf.,
Houston, TX, March 12-16, 2001, LPI Contribution 1080,
ISSN No. 0161-5297 (2001).
http://www.omatumr.com/lpsc.prn.pdf
http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/astro-ph/0411255
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2001/pdf/1041.pdf

33. "Attraction and repulsion of nucleons: Sources of stellar energy"
Journal of Fusion Energy 19, 93-98 (2001).
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts/jfeinterbetnuc.pdf
http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/post_prints/AttractionAndRepulsionOfNucleonsSourcesOfStel_09007dcc8064c928.html

34. "Nuclear systematics: III. The source of solar luminosity",
Journal of Radioanalytical & Nuclear Chemistry 252, 3-7 (2002).
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2001/nuc_sym3.pdf
http://www.springerlink.com/content/kg8emwb74ak3lyrc/

35. "Neutron repulsion confirmed as energy source",
Journal of Fusion Energy 20, 197-201 (2003).
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2003/jfe-neutronrep.pdf
http://www.springerlink.com/content/x1n87370x6685079/

36. "The standard solar model versus experimental observations",
Proceedings of the Third International Conference
on Beyond Standard Model Physics - BEYOND 2002
(IOP, Bristol, editor: H. V. Klapdor-Kleingrothaus) pp. 307-316 (2003).
http://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0404064
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts/beyond2002.pdf

37. "Composition of the solar interior:
Information from isotope ratios",
Proceedings of SOHO 12 / GONG Conference
on Local and Global Helioseismology:
The Present and the Future, 27 Oct-1 Nov 2002,
Big Bear Lake, CA, U.S.A. (ESA SP-517, editor:
Huguette Lacoste) pp. 345-348 (2003).
ISBN: 92-9092-827-1
http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0410717v1
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts/gong-2002.pdf

38. "Super-fluidity in the solar interior:
Implications for solar eruptions and climate",
Journal of Fusion Energy 21, 193-198 (2002).
http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0501441
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2003/jfe-superfluidity.pdf

39. "The need to measure low energy,
anti-neutrinos (E < 0.782 MeV) from the Sun",
Physics of Atomic Nuclei 67, 1959-1962 (2004);
Yadernaya Fizika 67, 1983-1988 (2004); DOI: 10.1134/1.1825512
Overheads: http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2004/manuel.pdf
Manuscript: http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/astro-ph/0410168
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2004/anti-neutrinos.pdf

40. "Is there a deficit of solar neutrinos?", Proceedings
Second International Workshop on Neutrino Oscillations,
Istituto Veneto di Scienze ed Arti, Venice, Italy, 3-5 Dec 2003.
http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0410460
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2004/om-solar-neutrino.pdf

41. "The oxygen to carbon ratio in the solar interior:
Information from nuclear reaction cross-sections,"
Journal of Fusion Energy 23, 55-62 (2004) ISSN: 0164-0313
(Paper) 1572-9591 (Online) DOI: 10.1007/s10894-004-1872-4
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2005/Oxygen_to_Carbon_Ratio.pdf

42. "Solar abundance of elements from neutron-capture
cross sections", paper #1033, 36th Lunar & Planetary
Science Conference (LPSC), Houston, Texas, March 14-18, 2005.
http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0412502v1
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2005/pdf/1033.pdf

43. "Nuclear systematics: Part IV. Neutron-capture
cross sections and solar abundance",
Journal of Radioanalytical & Nuclear Chemistry 266, 159-163 (2005);
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-005-0887-2
http://tinyurl.com/2oeg3n
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2005/Fk01.pdf
http://www.springerlink.com/content/k31567177q712t75/

44. "Isotopes tell origin and operation of the Sun", in
Proceedings First Crisis in Cosmology Conference, CCC-1,
Moncao, Portugal, 23-25 June 2005 (AIP Conference Proceedings,
volume 822) pp. 206-225 (2006);
doi:10.1063/1.2189138
PACS: 96.60.Fs, 96.60.Jw, 96.60.Vg, 97.10.Bt
http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/astro-ph/0510001
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2005/IsotopesTellSunsOriginOperation.pdf

45. "On the Cosmic Nuclear Cycle and the Similarity of Nuclei and Stars",
Journal of Fusion Energy 25, 107-114 (2006);
DOI:10.1007/s10894-006-9009-6
http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/nucl-th/0511051
http://tinyurl.com/2hzg2b
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2006/NuclearCycleCosmosFigsInserted.pdf

46. "Observational confirmation of the Sun's CNO cycle,"
Journal of Fusion Energy 25, 141-144 (2006);
DOI: 10.1007/s10894-006-9003-z
http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/astro-ph/0512633
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2006/OCofSunsCNOCycle.pdf

47. "The Sun is a plasma diffuser that sorts atoms by mass",
Physics of Atomic Nuclei 69, number 11, pp. 1847-1856 (2006);
ISSN 1063-7788;
Yadernaya Fizika 69, number 11 (2006); PAC: 96.20.Dt
Popular version: http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/astro-ph/0502206
Overheads: http://www.omatumr.com/Overheads/Overheads.htm
Manuscript: http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0609509

48. "Fingerprints of a local supernova," in SPACE
EXPLORATION RESEARCH (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.,
Hauppauge, NY, in press, 38 pp, 2009);
ISBN: 978-1-60692-264-4
http://arxiv.org/pdf/0905.0684

49. "EARTH'S HEAT SOURCE - THE SUN",
Energy and Environment: SPECIAL ISSUE:
Natural drivers of weather and climate,
volume 20, numbers 1 & 2, pp. 131-144 (2009)
http://arxiv.org/pdf/0905.0704

50. "MY JOURNEY TO THE CORE OF THE SUN:
A Summary of 50 Joyful Years of Continuous Discovery,"
A free-access autobiography, in progress, that follows
the free access autobiography of my research mentor,
The late Professor Paul Kazuo Kuroda:
"My Early Days at the Imperial University of Tokyo"
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2005/PKKAutobiography.pdf
or http://tinyurl.com/ojsqkv


- - - - -
*Fate made these findings possible by kindly providing the PI with great teachers, students, colleagues, the pioneering work of William D. Harkins, Cecelia H. Payne, and Francis W. Aston, and a supportive family of wife, children, parents and siblings. A few individual acknowledgements are shown at: http://www.omatumr.com/PhotoGallery.html

a) Mentored by two world-class scientists (Physics Professor John H. Reynolds of the University of California-Berkeley and Chemistry Professor Paul Kazuo Kuroda of the University of Tokyo and the University of Arkansas), Professor Manuel's research is at the interface of planetology, cosmochemistry, nuclear and astrophysics.

b) Served as Chairman of UMR's Chemistry Department for 15 years, hiring superior faculty, recruiting superior students, and working with the alumni's Foundation for Chemical Research, Inc. to collect several million dollars in endowed funds.

c) Supervised the research of over 50 students and led an international team of scientists in using experimental data to decide the origin of the solar system and the nuclear energy source that powers a.) the Sun, and b.) the cosmos [Below are hyper-links to a few research findings]:
http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/astro-ph/0412502
http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/astro-ph/0510001
http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/nucl-th/0511051
http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/astro-ph/0512633

- c-1) Neutron repulsion is the primary energy source for the Sun and the cosmos, releasing far more energy than nuclear fusion or fission.
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts/jfeinterbetnuc.pdf
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2003/jfe-neutronrep.pdf
http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/astro-ph/0511379
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2004/anti-neutrinos.pdf
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2006/NuclearCycleCosmosFigsInserted.pdf

- c-2) The Sun formed on the remnant core of the supernova that exploded here 5 billion years ago.
http://www.omatumr.com/archive/StrangeXenon.pdf
http://www.omatumr.com/lpsc.prn.pdf

- c-3) Earth formed in layers, accreting iron meteorites into a metal core first and then accreting stone meteorites that formed further from the Sun.
http://www.omatumr.com/archive/NobleGas.pdf
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&q=cache:tWIkzRjpSC0J:web.umr.edu/~om/archive/NobleGas.pdf+Xenon+Record+of+Extinct+Radioactivities+in+the+Earth

- c-4) The Sun is made mostly of elements [Fe, O, Si, S, Ni, Mg and Ca] seen in ordinary meteorites and in rocky planets near the Sun. These elements were made in the deep interior of the supernova and orbited close to the pulsar.
http://www.omatumr.com/archive/SolarAbundances.pdf
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2001/iso_book.pdf
http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2001/pdf/1041.pdf
http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0412502

- c-5) Lightweight elements like H, He, C and N in the outer layers of the supernova formed the giant gaseous planets like Jupiter. These planets contain the same "strange" isotope abundances seen in tiny diamond (C) inclusions of primitive meteorites.
http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2001/windleranalysis.pdf

- c-6) The Sun is a magnetic plasma diffuser that selectively moves lightweight atoms upward, covering its surface with a veneer of lightweight elements (91% H and 9% He).
Overheads: http://nanp.dubna.ru/docs/manuel.pdf
Popular summary: http://xxx.lanl.gov/pdf/astro-ph/0502206
Manuscript: http://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0609509v3

Decipher details of the mechanism of neutron emission from neutron-rich nuclei and neutron stars.

Identify ways to utilize the energy released in neutron emission - the largest known energy source. For example, the rest mass converted to useful energy is ~0.1% in nuclear fission, ~0.7-0.8% in nuclear fusion, and 1.2-2.4% in neutron emission ["Neutron repulsion confirmed as energy source", Journal of Fusion Energy 20, 197-201 (2003)]. http://www.omatumr.com/abstracts2003/jfe-neutronrep.pdf