Dr. Richard D. Palmiter

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University of Washington
School of Medicine
Biochemistry
ProfessorAppointed: 1981
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
InvestigatorAppointed: 1976

Mailing Address

Box 357370
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington 98195
United States

Contact Information

Phone: (206) 543-6064
Fax: (206) 543-0858
palmiter@u.washington.edu

Qualifications

Ph.D., Stanford University, Biological Sciences, 1968.
B.A., Duke University, Zoology, 1964.

Expertise and Research Interests

Our laboratory uses genetic techniques to study the role of neuromodulators in the development and function of the mammalian nervous system. Most neuromodulators are polypeptides or amino acid derivatives. They are packaged in synaptic vesicles and released into the synaptic cleft upon neuronal stimulation where they modulate the activity of neurons by binding to membrane receptors coupled to G-protein-linked signaling pathways.

Our laboratory has been studying the role of the catecholamines, norepinephrine and dopamine, by making mice in which enzymes required for their biosynthesis have been inactivated. Mice that cannot make norepinephrine die as embryos, apparently due to cardiac failure; however, they can be rescued to birth pharmacologically, after which time they develop quite normally without further intervention. These norepinephrine-deficient mice display a number of interesting behavioral and metabolic differences from controls that are currently being investigated. Mice that cannot synthesize dopamine develop normally but die a few weeks after birth due to a hypoactivity and a failure to eat or drink. They can be maintained with L-DOPA , a precursor to dopamine. When treated with L-DOPA, the mice become hyperactive and sexually aggressive. The dopamine requirement for normal feeding behavior is a major focus of our attention.

We have also inactivated the gene encoding neuropeptide Y (NPY),a neuropeptide that is expressed in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. These mice are particularly interesting to us because NPY has been implicated in feeding behavior because injection of this peptide into the brain stimulates voracious feeding; however, mice that cannot synthesize NPY feed normally. We are currently seeking the explanation for the discrepancy between the pharmacological and the genetic results. The last neuromodulator under study is zinc! Zinc is packaged with glutamate in some neurons in the central nervous system and they are released together in response to stimulation. Because both glutamate and GABA receptor functions are modulated by zinc in vitro, it has been proposed that zinc may be an
important neuromodulator. We are testing this hypothesis by inactivating a gene that codes for the transporter necessary foruptake of zinc into synaptic vesicles. These knockout mice will provide the first clues about the potential role of synaptic zinc as a neuromodulator.

Keywords

COS Keywords:

Brain, Cell Biology, Central Nervous System, Diabetes, Dopamine, Embryology, Endocrinologic Diseases, Endocrinology, Gene Expression, Gene Regulation, Growth Factor Receptors, Growth Factors, Nervous System, Neurobiology, Neurochemistry, Neuroendocrinology, Neuropharmacology, Obesity, Pancreas, Zinc.

Additional Terms:

Agouti Related Protein, Brain, Cell Biology, Central Nervous System, Diabetes, Dopamine, Embryology, Endocrinologic Diseases, Endocrinology, Fat, Gene Expression, Gene Regulation, Growth Factor Receptors, Growth Factors, Hypothalamus, Metal Transporters, Nervous System, Neurobiology, Neuropeptide Y, Norepinephrine, Obesity, Pancreas, Peripheral Nervous System, Striatum, Synapses, Transmitters, Zinc.

Previous Positions

1978-1981, Associate Professor, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Biochemistry
1974-1978, Assistant Professor, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Biochemistry
1973-1974, Research Associate, Harvard University, Biological Laboratories
1971-1973, Research Associate, Searle Research Laboratories, Biochemistry
1970-1971, Research Associate, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Pharmacology
1968-1970, Postdoctoral Fellow, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Pharmacology

Publications

  • Marsh DJ, Miura GI, Yagaloff KA, Schwartz MW, Barsh GS, Palmiter RD, Effects of neuropeptide Y deficiency on hypothalamic agouti-related protein expression and responsiveness to melanocortin analogues., Brain Research, 848(1-2), 66-77, 27 Nov 1999 Abstract
  • Alaniz RC, Thomas SA, Perez-Melgosa M, Mueller K, Farr AG, Palmiter RD, Wilson CB, Dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency impairs cellular immunity., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 96(5), 2274-8, 2 Mar 1999 Abstract
  • Quaife CJ, Cherne RL, Newcomb TG, Kapur RP, Palmiter RD, Metallothionein overexpression suppresses hepatic hyperplasia induced by hepatitis B surface antigen., Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 155(2), 107-16, 1 Mar 1999 Abstract
  • Sweetser DA, Froelick GJ, Matsumoto AM, Kafer KE, Marck B, Palmiter RD, Kapur RP, Ganglioneuromas and renal anomalies are induced by activated RET(MEN2B\) in transgenic mice., Oncogene, 18(4), 877-86, 28 Jan 1999 Abstract
  • Szczypka MS, Mandel RJ, Donahue BA, Snyder RO, Leff SE, Palmiter RD, Viral gene delivery selectively restores feeding and prevents lethality of dopamine-deficient mice., Neuron, 22(1), 167-78, Jan 1999 Abstract
  • Marsh DJ, Hollopeter G, Huszar D, Laufer R, Yagaloff KA, Fisher SL, Burn P, Palmiter RD, Response of melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient mice to anorectic and orexigenic peptides., Nat. Genet., 21(1), 119-22, Jan 1999 Abstract
  • Szczypka MS, Zhou QY, Palmiter RD, Dopamine-stimulated sexual behavior is testosterone dependent in mice., Behavioral Neuroscience, 112(5), 1229-35, October 1998 Abstract
  • Hollopeter G, Erickson JC, Seeley RJ, Marsh DJ, Palmiter RD, Response of neuropeptide Y-deficient mice to feeding effectors., Regul Pept, 75-76, 383-9, 25 Sep 1998 Abstract
  • Palmiter R D, The elusive function of metallothioneins., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 95(15), 8428-30, 21 Jul 1998 Abstract
  • Thomas S A, Marck B T, Palmiter R D, Matsumoto A M, Restoration of norepinephrine and reversal of phenotypes in mice lacking dopamine beta-hydroxylase., Journal of Neurochemistry, 70(6), 2468-76, June 1998 Abstract
  • Marsh D J, Hollopeter G, Kafer K E, Palmiter R D, Role of the Y5 neuropeptide Y receptor in feeding and obesity [see comments], Nature Medicine, 4(6), 718-21, June 1998 Abstract
  • Hollopeter G, Erickson J C, Palmiter R D, Role of neuropeptide Y in diet-, chemical- and genetic-induced obesity of mice., International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, 22(6), 506-12, June 1998 Abstract
  • Schwartz M W, Erickson J C, Baskin D G, Palmiter R D, Effect of fasting and leptin deficiency on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene transcription in vivo revealed by expression of a lacZ reporter gene., Endocrinology, 139(5), 2629-35, May 1998 Abstract
  • Baskin D G, Seeley R J, Kuijper J L, Lok S, Weigle D S, Erickson J C, Palmiter R D, Schwartz M W, Increased expression of mRNA for the long form of the leptin receptor in the hypothalamus is associated with leptin hypersensitivity and fasting., Diabetes, 47(4), 538-43, April 1998 Abstract
  • Quaife C J, Kelly E J, Masters B A, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Ectopic expression of metallothionein-III causes pancreatic acinar cell necrosis in transgenic mice., Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 148(1), 148-57, Jan 1998 Abstract
  • Thomas S A, Palmiter R D, Examining adrenergic roles in development, physiology, and behavior through targeted disruption of the mouse dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene., Advances In Pharmacology, 42, 57-60, 1998 Abstract
  • Palmiter RD, Transgenic mice--the early days., International Journal of Developmental Biology, 42(7 Spec No), 847-54, 1998 Abstract
  • Sweetser D A, Kapur R P, Froelick G J, Kafer K E, Palmiter R D, Oncogenesis and altered differentiation induced by activated Ras in neuroblasts of transgenic mice., Oncogene, 15(23), 2783-94, 4 Dec 1997 Abstract
  • Baraban S C, Hollopeter G, Erickson J C, Schwartzkroin P A, Palmiter R D, Knock-out mice reveal a critical antiepileptic role for neuropeptide Y., Journal of Neuroscience, 17(23), 8927-36, 1 Dec 1997 Abstract
  • Thomas S A, Palmiter R D, Impaired maternal behavior in mice lacking norepinephrine and epinephrine., Cell, 91(5), 583-92, 28 Nov 1997 Abstract
  • Wenzel H J, Cole T B, Born D E, Schwartzkroin P A, Palmiter R D, Ultrastructural localization of zinc transporter-3 (ZnT-3) to synaptic vesicle membranes within mossy fiber boutons in the hippocampus of mouse and monkey., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 94(23), 12676-81, 11 Nov 1997 Abstract
  • Wenzel HJ, Cole TB, Born DE, Schwartzkroin PA, Palmiter RD, Ultrastructural localization of zinc transporter-3 \(ZnT-3\) to synaptic vesicle membranes within mossy fiber boutons in the hippocampus of mouse and monkey., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 94(23), 12676-81, 11 Nov 1997 Abstract
  • Kelly E J, Sandgren E P, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, A pair of adjacent glucocorticoid response elements regulate expression of two mouse metallothionein genes., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 94(19), 10045-50, 16 Sep 1997 Abstract
  • Erickson J C, Ahima R S, Hollopeter G, Flier J S, Palmiter R D, Endocrine function of neuropeptide Y knockout mice., Regulatory Peptides, 70(2-3), 199-202, 18 Jun 1997 Abstract
  • Thomas S A, Palmiter R D, Disruption of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene in mice suggests roles for norepinephrine in motor function, learning, and memory., Behavioral Neuroscience, 111(3), 579-89, June 1997 Abstract
  • Tsahai Tafari A, Thomas S A, Palmiter R D, Norepinephrine facilitates the development of the murine sweat response but is not essential., Journal of Neuroscience, 17(11), 4275-81, 1 Jun 1997 Abstract
  • Thomas S A, Palmiter R D, Thermoregulatory and metabolic phenotypes of mice lacking noradrenaline and adrenaline [see comments], Nature, 387(6628), 94-7, 1 May 1997 Abstract
  • Erickson J C, Hollopeter G, Thomas S A, Froelick G J, Palmiter R D, Disruption of the metallothionein-III gene in mice: analysis of brain zinc, behavior, and neuron vulnerability to metals, aging, and seizures., Journal of Neuroscience, 17(4), 1271-81, 15 Feb 1997 Abstract
  • Aschner M, Cherian M G, Klaassen C D, Palmiter R D, Erickson J C, Bush A I, Metallothioneins in brain--the role in physiology and pathology., Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 142(2), 229-42, February 1997 Abstract
  • Palmiter R D, Cole T B, Quaife C J, Findley S D, ZnT-3, a putative transporter of zinc into synaptic vesicles., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 93(25), 14934-9, 10 Dec 1996 Abstract
  • Erickson J C, Hollopeter G, Palmiter R D, Attenuation of the obesity syndrome of ob/ob mice by the loss of neuropeptide Y [see comments], Science, 274(5293), 1704-7, 6 Dec 1996 Abstract
  • Palmiter R D, New adrenergic cells stimulate heart research [news], Nature Medicine, 2(11), 1194-5, November 1996 Abstract
  • Quaife C J, Veith G C, Palmiter R D, Transformation of liver by SV-40 T-antigen in transgenic mice is unaffected by metallothionein., Cancer Letters, 106(1), 125-31, 23 Aug 1996 Abstract
  • Kelly E J, Quaife C J, Froelick G J, Palmiter R D, Metallothionein I and II protect against zinc deficiency and zinc toxicity in mice., Journal of Nutrition, 126(7), 1782-90, July 1996 Abstract
  • Kelly E J, Palmiter R D, A murine model of Menkes disease reveals a physiological function of metallothionein., Nature Genetics, 13(2), 219-22, June 1996 Abstract
  • Erickson J C, Clegg K E, Palmiter R D, Sensitivity to leptin and susceptibility to seizures of mice lacking neuropeptide Y [see comments], Nature, 381(6581), 415-21, 30 May 1996 Abstract
  • Verchere C B, D'Alessio D A, Palmiter R D, Weir G C, Bonner-Weir S, Baskin D G, Kahn S E, Islet amyloid formation associated with hyperglycemia in transgenic mice with pancreatic beta cell expression of human islet amyloid polypeptide., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 93(8), 3492-6, 16 Apr 1996 Abstract
  • Palmiter R D, Cole T B, Findley S D, ZnT-2, a mammalian protein that confers resistance to zinc by facilitating vesicular sequestration., Embo Journal, 15(8), 1784-91, 15 Apr 1996 Abstract
  • Liu Y P, Liu J, Palmiter R D, Klaassen C D, Metallothionein-I-transgenic mice are not protected from acute cadmium-metallothionein-induced nephrotoxicity., Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 137(2), 307-15, April 1996 Abstract
  • Dalton T, Fu K, Palmiter R D, Andrews G K, Transgenic mice that overexpress metallothionein-I resist dietary zinc deficiency., Journal of Nutrition, 126(4), 825-33, April 1996 Abstract
  • Kapur R P, Livingston R, Doggett B, Sweetser D A, Siebert J R, Palmiter R D, Abnormal microenvironmental signals underlie intestinal aganglionosis in Dominant megacolon mutant mice., Developmental Biology, 174(2), 360-9, 15 Mar 1996 Abstract
  • Lee D K, Fu K, Liang L, Dalton T, Palmiter R D, Andrews G K, Transgenic mouse blastocysts that overexpress metallothionein-I resist cadmium toxicity in vitro., Molecular Reproduction and Development, 43(2), 158-66, February 1996 Abstract
  • Dalton T, Fu K, Enders G C, Palmiter R D, Andrews G K, Analysis of the effects of overexpression of metallothionein-I in transgenic mice on the reproductive toxicology of cadmium., Environmental Health Perspectives, 104(1), 68-76, January 1996 Abstract
  • Zhou Q Y, Palmiter R D, Dopamine-deficient mice are severely hypoactive, adipsic, and aphagic., Cell, 83(7), 1197-209, 29 Dec 1995 Abstract
  • Liu Y, Liu J, Iszard M B, Andrews G K, Palmiter R D, Klaassen C D, Transgenic mice that overexpress metallothionein-I are protected from cadmium lethality and hepatotoxicity., Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 135(2), 222-8, December 1995 Abstract
  • Palmiter R D, Constitutive expression of metallothionein-III (MT-III), but not MT-I, inhibits growth when cells become zinc deficient., Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 135(1), 139-46, November 1995 Abstract
  • Kapur R P, Sweetser D A, Doggett B, Siebert J R, Palmiter R D, Intercellular signals downstream of endothelin receptor-B mediate colonization of the large intestine by enteric neuroblasts., Development, 121(11), 3787-95, November 1995 Abstract
  • Sandgren E P, Schroeder J A, Qui T H, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Lee D C, Inhibition of mammary gland involution is associated with transforming growth factor alpha but not c-myc-induced tumorigenesis in transgenic mice., Cancer Research, 55(17), 3915-27, 1 Sep 1995 Abstract
  • Liu K, Sandgren E P, Palmiter R D, Stein A, Rat growth hormone gene introns stimulate nucleosome alignment in vitro and in transgenic mice., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 92(17), 7724-8, 15 Aug 1995 Abstract
  • Iszard M B, Liu J, Liu Y, Dalton T, Andrews G K, Palmiter R D, Klaassen C D, Characterization of metallothionein-I-transgenic mice., Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 133(2), 305-12, August 1995 Abstract
  • Erickson J C, Masters B A, Kelly E J, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Expression of human metallothionein-III in transgenic mice., Neurochemistry International, 27(1), 35-41, July 1995 Abstract
  • Rhim J A, Sandgren E P, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Complete reconstitution of mouse liver with xenogeneic hepatocytes., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 92(11), 4942-6, 23 May 1995 Abstract
  • Zhou Q Y, Quaife C J, Palmiter R D, Targeted disruption of the tyrosine hydroxylase gene reveals that catecholamines are required for mouse fetal development., Nature, 374(6523), 640-3, 13 Apr 1995 Abstract
  • Thomas S A, Matsumoto A M, Palmiter R D, Noradrenaline is essential for mouse fetal development., Nature, 374(6523), 643-6, 13 Apr 1995 Abstract
  • Sewell A K, Jensen L T, Erickson J C, Palmiter R D, Winge D R, Bioactivity of metallothionein-3 correlates with its novel beta domain sequence rather than metal binding properties., Biochemistry, 34(14), 4740-7, 11 Apr 1995 Abstract
  • Palmiter R D, Findley S D, Cloning and functional characterization of a mammalian zinc transporter that confers resistance to zinc., Embo Journal, 14(4), 639-49, 15 Feb 1995 Abstract
  • Wu Z L, Thomas S A, Villacres E C, Xia Z, Simmons M L, Chavkin C, Palmiter R D, Storm D R, Altered behavior and long-term potentiation in type I adenylyl cyclase mutant mice., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 92(1), 220-4, 3 Jan 1995 Abstract
  • Rhim J A, Connor W, Dixon G H, Harendza C J, Evenson D P, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Expression of an avian protamine in transgenic mice disrupts chromatin structure in spermatozoa., Biology of Reproduction, 52(1), 20-32, January 1995 Abstract
  • D'Alessio D A, Verchere C B, Kahn S E, Hoagland V, Baskin D G, Palmiter R D, Ensinck J W, Pancreatic expression and secretion of human islet amyloid polypeptide in a transgenic mouse., Diabetes, 43(12), 1457-61, December 1994 Abstract
  • Dalton T, Palmiter R D, Andrews G K, Transcriptional induction of the mouse metallothionein-I gene in hydrogen peroxide-treated Hepa cells involves a composite major late transcription factor/antioxidant response element and metal respon, Nucleic Acids Research, 22(23), 5016-23, 25 Nov 1994 Abstract
  • Zambrowicz B P, Findley S D, Simpson E M, Page D C, Palmiter R D, Characterization of the murine Zfy1 and Zfy2 promoters., Genomics, 24(2), 406-8, 15 Nov 1994 Abstract
  • Quaife C J, Hoyle G W, Froelick G J, Findley S D, Baetge E E, Behringer R R, Hammang J P, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Visualization and ablation of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase producing cells in transgenic mice., Transgenic Research, 3(6), 388-400, November 1994 Abstract
  • Masters B A, Quaife C J, Erickson J C, Kelly E J, Froelick G J, Zambrowicz B P, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Metallothionein III is expressed in neurons that sequester zinc in synaptic vesicles., Journal of Neuroscience, 14(10), 5844-57, October 1994 Abstract
  • Bamber B A, Masters B A, Hoyle G W, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Leukemia inhibitory factor induces neurotransmitter switching in transgenic mice [see comments], Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 91(17), 7839-43, 16 Aug 1994 Abstract
  • Coventry S, Yost C, Palmiter R D, Kapur R P, Migration of ganglion cell precursors in the ileoceca of normal and lethal spotted embryos, a murine model for Hirschsprung disease., Laboratory Investigation, 71(1), 82-93, July 1994 Abstract
  • Verchere C B, D'Alessio D A, Palmiter R D, Kahn S E, Transgenic mice overproducing islet amyloid polypeptide have increased insulin storage and secretion in vitro., Diabetologia, 37(7), 725-8, July 1994 Abstract
  • Erickson J C, Sewell A K, Jensen L T, Winge D R, Palmiter R D, Enhanced neurotrophic activity in Alzheimer's disease cortex is not associated with down-regulation of metallothionein-III (GIF)., Brain Research, 649(1-2), 297-304, 27 Jun 1994 Abstract
  • Quaife C J, Findley S D, Erickson J C, Froelick G J, Kelly E J, Zambrowicz B P, Palmiter R D, Induction of a new metallothionein isoform (MT-IV) occurs during differentiation of stratified squamous epithelia., Biochemistry, 33(23), 7250-9, 14 Jun 1994 Abstract
  • Messing A, Behringer R R, Wrabetz L, Hammang J P, Lemke G, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Hypomyelinating peripheral neuropathies and schwannomas in transgenic mice expressing SV40 T-antigen., Journal of Neuroscience, 14(6), 3533-9, June 1994 Abstract
  • Zambrowicz B P, Zimmermann J W, Harendza C J, Simpson E M, Page D C, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Expression of a mouse Zfy-1/lacZ transgene in the somatic cells of the embryonic gonad and germ cells of the adult testis., Development, 120(6), 1549-59, June 1994 Abstract
  • Hoyle G W, Mercer E H, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Cell-specific expression from the human dopamine beta-hydroxylase promoter in transgenic mice is controlled via a combination of positive and negative regulatory elements., Journal of Neuroscience, 14(5 Pt 1), 2455-63, May 1994 Abstract
  • Winn S R, Hammang J P, Emerich D F, Lee A, Palmiter R D, Baetge E E, Polymer-encapsulated cells genetically modified to secrete human nerve growth factor promote the survival of axotomized septal cholinergic neurons., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 91(6), 2324-8, 15 Mar 1994 Abstract
  • Rhim J A, Sandgren E P, Degen J L, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Replacement of diseased mouse liver by hepatic cell transplantation., Science, 263(5150), 1149-52, 25 Feb 1994 Abstract
  • Palmiter R D, Regulation of metallothionein genes by heavy metals appears to be mediated by a zinc-sensitive inhibitor that interacts with a constitutively active transcription factor, MTF-1., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 91(4), 1219-23, 15 Feb 1994 Abstract
  • Masters B A, Kelly E J, Quaife C J, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Targeted disruption of metallothionein I and II genes increases sensitivity to cadmium., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 91(2), 584-8, 18 Jan 1994 Abstract
  • Zambrowicz B P, Palmiter R D, Testis-specific and ubiquitous proteins bind to functionally important regions of the mouse protamine-1 promoter., Biology of Reproduction, 50(1), 65-72, January 1994 Abstract
  • Palmiter R D, Sandgren E P, Koeller D M, Brinster R L, Distal regulatory elements from the mouse metallothionein locus stimulate gene expression in transgenic mice., Molecular and Cellular Biology, 13(9), 5266-75, September 1993 Abstract
  • Hoyle G W, Mercer E H, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Expression of NGF in sympathetic neurons leads to excessive axon outgrowth from ganglia but decreased terminal innervation within tissues., Neuron, 10(6), 1019-34, June 1993 Abstract
  • Zambrowicz B P, Harendza C J, Zimmermann J W, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Analysis of the mouse protamine 1 promoter in transgenic mice., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 90(11), 5071-5, 1 Jun 1993 Abstract
  • Hammang J P, Behringer R R, Baetge E E, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Messing A, Oncogene expression in retinal horizontal cells of transgenic mice results in a cascade of neurodegeneration., Neuron, 10(6), 1197-209, June 1993 Abstract
  • Mitchell T I, Jeffrey J J, Palmiter R D, Brinckerhoff C E, The acute phase reactant serum amyloid A (SAA3) is a novel substrate for degradation by the metalloproteinases collagenase and stromelysin., Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta, 1156(3), 245-54, 21 Mar 1993 Abstract
  • Behringer R R, Crotty D A, Tennyson V M, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Wolgemuth D J, Sequences 5' of the homeobox of the Hox-1.4 gene direct tissue-specific expression of lacZ during mouse development., Development, 117(3), 823-33, March 1993 Abstract
  • Luetteke N C, Lee D C, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Sandgren E P, Regulation of fat and muscle development by transforming growth factor alpha in transgenic mice and in cultured cells., Cell Growth and Differentiation, 4(3), 203-13, March 1993 Abstract
  • Le Van Thai A, Coste E, Allen J M, Palmiter R D, Weber M J, Identification of a neuron-specific promoter of human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase gene., Brain research. Molecular Brain Research, 17(3-4), 227-38, March 1993 Abstract
  • Kapur R P, Yost C, Palmiter R D, Aggregation chimeras demonstrate that the primary defect responsible for aganglionic megacolon in lethal spotted mice is not neuroblast autonomous., Development, 117(3), 993-9, March 1993 Abstract
  • Sandgren E P, Luetteke N C, Qiu T H, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Lee D C, Transforming growth factor alpha dramatically enhances oncogene-induced carcinogenesis in transgenic mouse pancreas and liver., Molecular and Cellular Biology, 13(1), 320-30, January 1993 Abstract
  • Sandgren E P, Palmiter R D, Heckel J L, Brinster R L, Degen J L, DNA rearrangement causes hepatocarcinogenesis in albumin-plasminogen activator transgenic mice., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 89(23), 11523-7, 1 Dec 1992 Abstract
  • Lo D, Quill H, Burkly L, Scott B, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, A recessive defect in lymphocyte or granulocyte function caused by an integrated transgene., American Journal of Pathology, 141(5), 1237-46, November 1992 Abstract
  • Cadd G G, Hoyle G W, Quaife C J, Marck B, Matsumoto A M, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Alteration of neurotransmitter phenotype in noradrenergic neurons of transgenic mice., Molecular Endocrinology, 6(11), 1951-60, November 1992 Abstract
  • Kapur R P, Yost C, Palmiter R D, A transgenic model for studying development of the enteric nervous system in normal and aganglionic mice., Development, 116(1), 167-75, September 1992 Abstract
  • Peschon J J, Behringer R R, Cate R L, Harwood K A, Idzerda R L, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Directed expression of an oncogene to Sertoli cells in transgenic mice using mullerian inhibiting substance regulatory sequences., Molecular Endocrinology, 6(9), 1403-11, September 1992 Abstract
  • Palmiter R D, Findley S D, Whitmore T E, Durnam D M, MT-III, a brain-specific member of the metallothionein gene family., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 89(14), 6333-7, 15 Jul 1992 Abstract
  • Lo D, Freedman J, Hesse S, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Sherman L A, Peripheral tolerance to an islet cell-specific hemagglutinin transgene affects both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells., European Journal of Immunology, 22(4), 1013-22, April 1992 Abstract
  • Messing A, Behringer R R, Hammang J P, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Lemke G, P0 promoter directs expression of reporter and toxin genes to Schwann cells of transgenic mice., Neuron, 8(3), 507-20, March 1992 Abstract
  • Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Hammer R E, Trumbauer M E, Rosenfeld M G, Birnberg N C, Evans R M, Dramatic growth of mice that develop from eggs microinjected with metallothionein-growth hormone fusion genes. 1982, Biotechnology, 24, 429-33, 1992 Abstract
  • Brinster R L, Chen H Y, Trumbauer M, Senear A W, Warren R, Palmiter R D, Somatic expression of herpes thymidine kinase in mice following injection of a fusion gene into eggs. 1982 [classical article], Biotechnology, 24, 411-9, 1992 Abstract
  • Mercer E H, Hoyle G W, Kapur R P, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, The dopamine beta-hydroxylase gene promoter directs expression of E. coli lacZ to sympathetic and other neurons in adult transgenic mice., Neuron, 7(5), 703-16, November 1991 Abstract
  • Kapur R P, Hoyle G W, Mercer E H, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Some neuronal cell populations express human dopamine beta-hydroxylase-lacZ transgenes transiently during embryonic development., Neuron, 7(5), 717-27, November 1991 Abstract
  • Evans J P, Palmiter R D, Retrotransposition of a mouse L1 element., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 88(19), 8792-5, 1 Oct 1991 Abstract
  • Sandgren E P, Palmiter R D, Heckel J L, Daugherty C C, Brinster R L, Degen J L, Complete hepatic regeneration after somatic deletion of an albumin-plasminogen activator transgene., Cell, 66(2), 245-56, 26 Jul 1991 Abstract
  • Guthrie H D, Pursel V G, Miller K F, Bolt D J, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Effect of bovine growth hormone gene expression, sex and age on plasma gonadotropins, estrone and testosterone in prepuberal pigs., Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 8(3), 423-9, July 1991 Abstract
  • Rexroad C E Jr, Mayo K, Bolt D J, Elsasser T H, Miller K F, Behringer R R, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Transferrin- and albumin-directed expression of growth-related peptides in transgenic sheep., Journal of Animal Science, 69(7), 2995-3004, July 1991 Abstract
  • Lo D, Pursel V, Linton P J, Sandgren E, Behringer R, Rexroad C, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Expression of mouse IgA by transgenic mice, pigs and sheep., European Journal of Immunology, 21(4), 1001-6, April 1991 Abstract
  • Maronpot R R, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Sandgren E P, Pulmonary carcinogenesis in transgenic mice., Experimental Lung Research, 17(2), 305-20, Spring 1991 Abstract
  • Caterina J J, Ryan T M, Pawlik K M, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Behringer R R, Townes T M, Human beta-globin locus control region: analysis of the 5' DNase I hypersensitive site HS 2 in transgenic mice., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 88(5), 1626-30, 1 Mar 1991 Abstract
  • Palmiter R D, Sandgren E P, Avarbock M R, Allen D D, Brinster R L, Heterologous introns can enhance expression of transgenes in mice., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 88(2), 478-82, 15 Jan 1991 Abstract
  • Wickstrom E, Bacon T A, Wickstrom E L, Werking C M, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Sandgren E P, Antisense oligodeoxynucleoside methylphosphonate inhibition of mouse c-myc p65 protein expression in E mu-c-myc transgenic mice., Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 151-4, 1991 Abstract
  • Sandgren E P, Quaife C J, Paulovich A G, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Pancreatic tumor pathogenesis reflects the causative genetic lesion., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 88(1), 93-7, 1 Jan 1991 Abstract
  • Wilkie T M, Braun R E, Ehrman W J, Palmiter R D, Hammer R E, Germ-line intrachromosomal recombination restores fertility in transgenic MyK-103 male mice., Genes and Development, 5(1), 38-48, January 1991 Abstract
  • Lo D, Burkly L C, Flavell R A, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Antigen presentation in MHC class II transgenic mice: stimulation versus tolerization., Immunological Reviews, 117, 121-34, October 1990 Abstract
  • Braun R E, Lo D, Pinkert C A, Widera G, Flavell R A, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Infertility in male transgenic mice: disruption of sperm development by HSV-tk expression in postmeiotic germ cells., Biology of Reproduction, 43(4), 684-93, October 1990 Abstract
  • Behringer R R, Lewin T M, Quaife C J, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, D'Ercole A J, Expression of insulin-like growth factor I stimulates normal somatic growth in growth hormone-deficient transgenic mice., Endocrinology, 127(3), 1033-40, September 1990 Abstract
  • Heckel J L, Sandgren E P, Degen J L, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Neonatal bleeding in transgenic mice expressing urokinase-type plasminogen activator., Cell, 62(3), 447-56, 10 Aug 1990 Abstract
  • Sandgren E P, Luetteke N C, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Lee D C, Overexpression of TGF alpha in transgenic mice: induction of epithelial hyperplasia, pancreatic metaplasia, and carcinoma of the breast., Cell, 61(6), 1121-35, 15 Jun 1990 Abstract
  • Behringer R R, Cate R L, Froelick G J, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Abnormal sexual development in transgenic mice chronically expressing mullerian inhibiting substance [see comments], Nature, 345(6271), 167-70, 10 May 1990 Abstract
  • Hammang J P, Baetge E E, Behringer R R, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Messing A, Immortalized retinal neurons derived from SV40 T-antigen-induced tumors in transgenic mice., Neuron, 4(5), 775-82, May 1990 Abstract
  • Moriyama T, Guilhot S, Klopchin K, Moss B, Pinkert C A, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Kanagawa O, Chisari F V, Immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice., Science, 248(4953), 361-4, 20 Apr 1990 Abstract
  • Behringer R R, Ryan T M, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Townes T M, Human gamma- to beta-globin gene switching in transgenic mice., Genes and Development, 4(3), 380-9, March 1990 Abstract
  • Ryan T M, Townes T M, Reilly M P, Asakura T, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Behringer R R, Human sickle hemoglobin in transgenic mice., Science, 247(4942), 566-8, 2 Feb 1990 Abstract
  • Pursel V G, Bolt D J, Miller K F, Pinkert C A, Hammer R E, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Expression and performance in transgenic pigs., Journal of Reproduction and fertility. Supplement, 40, 235-45, 1990 Abstract
  • Rexroad C E Jr, Hammer R E, Behringer R R, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Insertion, expression and physiology of growth-regulating genes in ruminants., Journal of Reproduction and fertility. Supplement, 41, 119-24, 1990 Abstract
  • Pursel V G, Hammer R E, Bolt D J, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Integration, expression and germ-line transmission of growth-related genes in pigs., Journal of Reproduction and fertility. Supplement, 41, 77-87, 1990 Abstract
  • Chisari F V, Klopchin K, Moriyama T, Pasquinelli C, Dunsford H A, Sell S, Pinkert C A, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice., Cell, 59(6), 1145-56, 22 Dec 1989 Abstract
  • Allen J M, Abrass I B, Palmiter R D, Beta 2-adrenergic receptor regulation after transfection into a cell line deficient in the cAMP-dependent protein kinase., Molecular Pharmacology, 36(2), 248-55, August 1989 Abstract
  • Lo D, Burkly L C, Flavell R A, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Tolerance in transgenic mice expressing class II major histocompatibility complex on pancreatic acinar cells., Journal of Experimental Medicine, 170(1), 87-104, 1 Jul 1989 Abstract
  • Sandgren E P, Quaife C J, Pinkert C A, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Oncogene-induced liver neoplasia in transgenic mice., Oncogene, 4(6), 715-24, June 1989 Abstract
  • Wilkison W O, Sandgren E P, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Bell R M, Elevation of 1,2-diacylglycerol in ras-transformed neonatal liver and pancreas of transgenic mice., Oncogene, 4(5), 625-8, May 1989 Abstract
  • Wolgemuth D J, Behringer R R, Mostoller M P, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Transgenic mice overexpressing the mouse homoeobox-containing gene Hox-1.4 exhibit abnormal gut development., Nature, 337(6206), 464-7, 2 Feb 1989 Abstract
  • Townes T M, Ryan T M, Behringer R R, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, DNase I super-hypersensitive sites direct high level erythroid expression of human alpha-, beta- and beta s- globin genes in transgenic mice., Progress In Clinical and Biological Research, 316A, 47-61, 1989 Abstract
  • Rexroad C E Jr, Hammer R E, Bolt D J, Mayo K E, Frohman L A, Palmiter R D, Brinster R L, Production of transgenic sheep with growth-regulating genes., Molecular Reproduction and Development, 1(3), 164-9, 1989 Abstract
  • Quaife C J, Mathews L S, Pinkert C A, Hammer R E, Brinster R L, Palmiter R D, Histopathology associated with elevated levels of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I in transgenic mice., Endocrinology, 124(1), 40-8, January 1989 Abstract

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