Prof. Ramki Kalyanaraman |
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Washington University in St. Louis College of Arts & Sciences Physics Assistant ProfessorAppointed: 2001 |  |
Mailing AddressDepartment of Physics Crow Hall 218 One Brookings Drive St. Louis, Missouri 63130United States | Contact Information |
Qualifications
Ph.D., North Carolina State University, Materials Science, 1998.
M.Tech., Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Materials Science and Engineering, 1994.
M.Sc., Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, Physics, 1991.
Expertise and Research Interests
Our research is in the area of thin film and surface physics with a focus on non-equilibrium processes and self-organization. Our long-term goal is to understand phenomenon that will enable us to design, assemble and characterize functional nanocomposites made from metals, ceramics, semiconductors and glasses. The reseach program can be devided into the following topics:
1.Laser-Film Interactions
The primary scientific contributions in this area are related to investigations of dynamic light-matter interactions when a growing thin film is simultaneously irradiated with a nanosecond (ns) pulsed laser. We have shown that light-matter interactions mediated by a substrate surface permits thermal effects and leads to significant nanoscale control of film morphology.
2. Self-organization in ultrathin films
The primary scientific contributions in this area are related to the dynamics of pattern evolution and length scale selection when nanoscopic metallic films dewet following melting by spatially homogeneous or inhomogeneous ns laser irradiation.
3.Optics, plasmonics and nanophotonics
The primary scientific contributions in this area are related to materials for non-linear switching and multi-wavelength information processing. For non-linear switching, our work has focussed on the interplay of composition and microstructure that minimizes optical loss to make efficient switches. For multi-wavelength processing, we have focused on predicting the physics of plasmonic behavior in multi-component nanocomposites.
4. Structure-processing-property correlations
Correlation of structure with processing conditions as well as with electronic properties is essential to build complex systems. We are interested primarily in the correlation of length scales, dimensionalities and nano/micro-structure on properties.
5. Thin film microstructure studies
This research focusses on physical vapor deposition by laser ablation on microstructure of multi-elemental systems including metals, ceramics (oxides and borides) and metallic glasses.
1.Laser-Film Interactions
The primary scientific contributions in this area are related to investigations of dynamic light-matter interactions when a growing thin film is simultaneously irradiated with a nanosecond (ns) pulsed laser. We have shown that light-matter interactions mediated by a substrate surface permits thermal effects and leads to significant nanoscale control of film morphology.
2. Self-organization in ultrathin films
The primary scientific contributions in this area are related to the dynamics of pattern evolution and length scale selection when nanoscopic metallic films dewet following melting by spatially homogeneous or inhomogeneous ns laser irradiation.
3.Optics, plasmonics and nanophotonics
The primary scientific contributions in this area are related to materials for non-linear switching and multi-wavelength information processing. For non-linear switching, our work has focussed on the interplay of composition and microstructure that minimizes optical loss to make efficient switches. For multi-wavelength processing, we have focused on predicting the physics of plasmonic behavior in multi-component nanocomposites.
4. Structure-processing-property correlations
Correlation of structure with processing conditions as well as with electronic properties is essential to build complex systems. We are interested primarily in the correlation of length scales, dimensionalities and nano/micro-structure on properties.
5. Thin film microstructure studies
This research focusses on physical vapor deposition by laser ablation on microstructure of multi-elemental systems including metals, ceramics (oxides and borides) and metallic glasses.
Other Expertise
1.Thin film deposition via physical vapor techniques (Sputtering, laser ablation and evaporation).
2. Non-equilibrium film processing via energetic beams such as photons.
3. Ion implantation and analytical ion beam techniques (for example, RBS and Channeling).
4. Materials characterization (Structural and electronic).
2. Non-equilibrium film processing via energetic beams such as photons.
3. Ion implantation and analytical ion beam techniques (for example, RBS and Channeling).
4. Materials characterization (Structural and electronic).
Future Research
1. In-situ modification of film nucleation and growth.
2. Development of practical approaches to manufacture precise 1 and 2-D nanostructures.
3. Invention of new materials paralleled on biological behavior.
4. Integration of materials with varied properties.
5. Magnetic nanostructures for high-density recording.
6. Optical nanocomposites.
7. New approaches to deposit oxide films at low-temperatures.
2. Development of practical approaches to manufacture precise 1 and 2-D nanostructures.
3. Invention of new materials paralleled on biological behavior.
4. Integration of materials with varied properties.
5. Magnetic nanostructures for high-density recording.
6. Optical nanocomposites.
7. New approaches to deposit oxide films at low-temperatures.
Industrial Relevance
1. Practical new approaches to fabricate controlled nanostructures.
2. Invention of new magnetic nanostructures for high-density magnetic storage.
3. Development of nanocomposites for energy harvesting
4. Development of non-linear optical materials based on nanocomposite geometries
2. Invention of new magnetic nanostructures for high-density magnetic storage.
3. Development of nanocomposites for energy harvesting
4. Development of non-linear optical materials based on nanocomposite geometries
Keywords
COS Keywords:
Applied Physics, Atomic Force Microscopy, Electromagnetics, Electronic Materials, Materials Sciences, Microscopy, Nanostructured Materials, Physical Sciences, Thin Films.Additional Terms:
Ion Implantation, Magnetism, Nanocomposites, Nanostructures, Non-equilibrium Processing, Nucleation and Growth, Plasmonics, Pulsed Laser Processing, Self-organization, Thin Films.Languages
(Reading, Writing, Speaking)
English: (Fluent, Fluent, Fluent)
Hindi: (Basic, Basic, Basic)
Memberships
American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Physical Society
Materials Research Society
Phi Kappa Phi
Honors and Awards
2005-2009,
CAREER,
National Science Foundation (NSF)
2003, Who's Who in America,
1999-2001,
CRADA Joint-Research Fellow,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
Ion beam modification of materials
Phi Kappa Phi Honor Society,
Previous Positions
1999-2001, Joint Postdoctoral Fellow,
Oak Ridge National Lab and Lucent Technologies Bell Labs
Patents
A process of increasing the electrical activation of implanted dopants,
Patent Number: 6632728,
2003,
Industry-owned,
United States.
Funding Received
- NSF REU Supplemental grant: Fundamental studies of directed assembly leading to innovative processing of controlled thin film nanostructures, $6,000, 2007 to 2010.
- MEMC: Enhanced light absorption for efficient solar cells, $79,000, 2007 to 2008.
- National Science Foundation (NSF): Fundamental studies of directed assembly leading to innovative processing of controlled thin film nanostructures, 2005 to 2009.
- Center for materials innovation, Washington University in St. Louis: Development of Magnetic Storage Materials by Devitrification of Amorphous alloys, $60,000, 2005 to 2007.
- Pfizer/Solutia STARS: Students and Teachers as Research Scholars Summer Grants, $4,000, 2005 to 2007.
- Center for materials innovation, Washington University in St. Louis: Nucleation studies in amorphous Al-glass alloys, $15,000, 2005 to 2006.
- Center for materials innovation, Washington University in St. Louis,: Materials for Hydrogen Storage and Sensing, $2,000, 2005 to 2006.
- Center for materials innovation, Washington University in St. Louis: Nucleation and growth of ordered magnetic nanostructures, $25,000, 2004 to 2005.
Publications
- C. Favazza, J. Trice, R. Kalyanaraman, R. Sureshkumar (2007) Self-organized metal nanostructures through laser-interference driven thermocapillary convection interference driven thermocapillary convection, Appl. Phys. Lett., 91, 043105
- J. Trice, D. Thomas, C. Favazza, R. Sureshkumar, R. Kalyanaraman (2007) Pulsed-laser-induced dewetting in nanoscopic metal films: Theory and experiments, Phys. Rev. B, 75, 235439
- H. Garcia, J. Trice, R. Kalyanaraman, R. Sureshkumar (2007) Self consistent determination of plasmonic resonances in ternary nanocomposites, Phys. Rev. B, 75, 045439
- C. Favazza, J. Trice, A. K. Gangaopdhyay, H. Garcia, R. Sureshkumar, R. Kalyanaraman (2006) Nanoparticle ordering by dewetting of Co on SiO2, J. Elec. Mat., 35, 1618
- L. Longstreth-Spoor, J. Trice, H. Garcia, C. Zhang, R. Kalyanaraman (2006) Nanostructure and microstructure of laser-interference induced dynamic patterning of Co on Si, J.Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 39, 5149
- C. Favazza, R. Kalyanaraman, R. Sureshkumar (2006) Robust nanopatterning by laser-induced dewetting of metal nanofilms, Nanotechnology, 17, 4229
- H. Garcia, H. Krishna, R. Kalyanaraman (2006) A new figure of merit for photonic applications of metal nanocom- posites, Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, 141109
- C. Favazza, J. Trice, H. Krishna, R. Kalyanaraman, R. Sureshkumar (2006) Laser-induced short- and long-range orderings of Co nanoparticles on SiO2, Appl. Phys. Lett., 88, 153118
- H. Garcia, R. Kalyanaraman (2006) Phonon-assisted two-photon absorption in the presence of a dc-field: the nonlinear Franz-Keldysh effect in indirect gap semiconductors, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 39, 2737
- W. Zhang, C. Zhang, R. Kalyanaraman (2005) Dynamically ordered thin film nanoclusters, J. Vac. Sci. Tech. B, 23, L5
- Chi Zhang and Ramki Kalyanaraman, In-situ lateral patterning of thin films of various materials deposited by physical vapor deposition, Journal of Materials Research, 2004
- Chi Zhang and Ramki Kalyanaraman, In-situ nanostructured film formation during physical vapor deposition, Appl. Phys. Lett, 8 Dec 2003
- J. Dalla Torre, G. H. Gilmer, D. L. Windt, R. Kalyanaraman F. H. Baumann P. L. O Sullivan, J. Sapjeta, T. Diaz de la Rubia, M. Djafari Rouhani, Microstructure of thin tantalum films sputtered onto inclined substrates: Experiments and atomistic simulations, Journal of Applied Physics, 94, 263-271, 2003
- S.P.Withrow, C.W.White, J.D.Budai, L.A.Boatner, K.D.Sorge, J.R.THompson, and R.Kalyanaraman, Ion beam synthesis of magnetic Co-Pt alloys in Al2O3, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 260, 319-329, 2003
- R.Kalyanaraman, V.C.Venezia, L.Pelaz, T.E.Haynes, H.-J.L.Gossmann and C.S.Rafferty, Enhanced Low Temperature Activation of B in Si, Appl. Phys. Lett., 82, 215-217, 2003
- Ramki Kalyanaraman, T. E. Haynes, O. W. Holland and G. H. Gilmer, Character of defects at an ion-irradiated buried thin-film interface, Journal of Applied Physics, 91(10), 6325-32, 15 May 2002
- R.Kalyanaraman, T.E.Haynes, O.W.Holland, H.-J.L.Gossmann, C.S.Rafferty, and G.H.Gilmer, Binding energy of vacancies to clusters formed in Si by high-energy ion implantation, Applied Physics Letters, 79(13), 1983, 24 Sep 2001
- V.C. Venezia, R. Kalyanaraman, H.-J. Gossmann, C. S. Rafferty, and D. J. Eaglesham, Depth dependence of {311} defect dissolution, Applied Physics Letters, 79(11), 1429, 11 Sep 2001
- R.Kalyanaraman, T.E.Haynes, M.Yoon, B.C.Larson, D.C.Jacobson, H.-J.Gossmann, and C.S.Rafferty, Quantitative evolution of vacancy-type defects in high-energy ion implanted Si: Au labeling and the vacancy implanter, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B, B175-177, 182, August 2001
- A.K.Sharma, R.Kalyanaraman, R.J.Narayan, S.Oktyabrsky, J.Narayan, Carbon nanotube composites synthesized by ion-assisted pulsed laser deposition, Materials Science and Engineering B, 79, 123, 2001
- V.C.Venezia, R.Brown. R. Kalyanaraman, T. E. Haynes, O. W. Holland, and J.Williams, Comment on the paper entitled 'Interstitial-type defects away from the projected ion range in high energy ion implanted and annealed silicon', Applied Physics letters, 77(1), 151, 03 Jul 2000
- D.LWindt, F.E.Christensen, W.W.Craig, C.Hailey, F.A.Harrison, M.Jimenez-Garate, R.Kalyanaraman, and P.H. Mao, Growth, structure and performance of depth-graded W/Si multilayers for hard X-ray optics, Journal of Applied Physics, 88(1), 460, 01 Jul 2000
- R.Kalyanaraman, T.E.Haynes, V.C.Venezia, D.C.Jacobson, H-J.Gossmann, and C.S.Rafferty, Calibration of the Au labeling technique for measuring vacancy concentrations from high-energy ion implantation in Si, Applied Physics Letters, 76(23), 3379, 05 Jun 2000
- R. Kalyanaraman, T. E. Haynes, D. C. Jacobson, H.-J. Gossmann and C. S. Rafferty, Quantitative depth profiles of vacancy cluster defects produced by MeV ion implantation in Si: Species and dose dependence, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, v610, B9.4.1, 2000
- R. Kalyanaraman, T. E. Haynes, V. C. Venezia, D. C. Jacobson, H.-J. Gossmann and C. S. Rafferty, Calibration of the Au labeling technique to measure vacancy defects in Si, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, v610, B9.2.1, 2000
- D.L.Windt, F.Christensen, W.Craig, C.Hailey, F.Harrison, M.Jimenez-Garate, R.Kalyanaraman, and P.Mao, X-Ray Multilayer coatings for use at energies above 100 keV, Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society For Optical Engineering, v4012, 442, 2000
- S.Oktyabrsky, R.Kalyanaraman, K.Jagannadham, and J.Narayan, Dislocation Structure of Low-Angle Grain boundaries in YBCO/MgO films, Journal of Materials Research, 14(7), 2764, July 1999
- R.Kalyanaraman, S.Oktyabrsky, and J.Narayan, Investigation Into the Role of Ag in the Pulsed Laser Growth of YBCO thin films, Journal of Applied Physics, 85(9), 6636, 01 May 1999
- D.L.Windt, J. Dalla Torre, G.H.Gilmer, J.Sapjeta, R.Kalyanaraman, F.H.Baumann, P. O'Sullivan, D.Dunn, and R.Hull, Growth and Structure of Metallic Barrier Layer and Interconnect Films I-Experiments, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, v562, 263, 1999
- J. Dalla Torre, G.H.Gilmer, D.L.Windt, F.H.Baumann, R.Kalyanaraman, H. Huang, T. Diaz de la Rubia and M. Djafari Rouhani, Growth and Structure of Metallic Barrier Layer and Interconnect Films II-Atomistic simulations of film deposition onto inclined surfaces, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, v562, 129, 1999
- K.Jagannadham, A.K.Sharma, Q.Wei, R.Kalyanaraman, and J.Narayan, Structural Studies of Aluminum Nitride Films Deposited by Pulsed laser Deposition and Magnetron Sputtering: A Comparative Study, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A, 16(5), 2804, September 1998
- R.Kalyanaraman, S.Oktyabrsky, K.Jagannadham and J.Narayan, Atomic Structure and Property Correlation in Pulsed Laser Deposited High-Tc Films, Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, v526, 281, 1998
- R.Kalyanaraman, R.D.Vispute, S.Oktyabrsky, K.Dovidenko, K.Jagannadham, J.Narayan, J.D.Budai, N.Parikh, and A.Suvkhanov, Influence of oxygen background pressure on crystalline quality of SrTiO3 films grown on MgO by pulsed laser deposition, Applied Physics Letters, 71(12), 1709, 22 Sep 1997
- D.Kumar, R.Kalyanaraman, R.D.Vispute, J.Narayan, D.K.Christen and C.E.Klabunde, Giant Magnetoresistance and Non-Ohmic effects in La0.6 Y0.07 Ca0.33 MnOx Thin Films, Materials Science and Engineering B, 45, 122, 1997
- D.Kumar, S.Oktyabrsky, R.Kalyanaraman, J.Narayan, P.R.Apte, R.Pinto, S.S.Manoharan, M.S.Hegde, S.B.Ogale and K.P.Adhi, Role of Silver Doping in Oxygen Incorporation of Oxide Thin Films, Materials Science and Engineering B, 45, 55, 1997
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