Dr. George E. Sale

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Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Clinical Research Division
University of Washington
School of Medicine
Pathology
ProfessorAppointed: 1988
Professional Headshot of George E. Sale

Mailing Address

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
1100 Fairview Avenue N., G1-309
P.O. Box 19024
Seattle, Washington 98109-1024
United States

Contact Information

Phone: (206) 288-1352
Fax: (206) 288-1345
gsale@fhcrc.org

Qualifications

M.D., Stanford University, 1968.

Expertise and Research Interests

As a pathologist with the Seattle bone marrow transplant team I am interested in human and experimental bone marrow transplantation immunobiology with special reference to graft versus host disease in humans and animals. Graft rejection and transplantation tolerance as reflected in vivo are areas I study in collaboration with colleagues in Transplantation Biology (Drs. Storb, Yunusov,and Kuhr). Cytotoxic lymphocytes subserve a mechanism of tissue damage I am particularly interested in exploring. Epidermal biology with special reference to epidermal stem cells of the parafollicular bulge and the rete ridge are a focus of my hypotheses regarding pathogenesis of graft versus host disease, graft rejection, and autoimmune diseases.

I have also become interested in newer methods of the study of the hematopathology of human bone marrow with multiparameter flow fluorocytometry. Another area of current work is the correlation of marrow histology with magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvic , femoral and vertebral bone marrow for accurate grading of myelofibrosis in humans.

Other Expertise

Special Local Responsibilities:
1991, Co-Director (Syllabus editor) of Systemic Pathology Course (HuBio 546), University of Washington, Dept. of Pathology, Seattle, Washington, with Dr. Rodney Schmidt.

Honors and Society Memberships:
1986, 1993, Who's Who in the West;
1986 to Date, American Association of Pathologists;
1983 to Date, American Association for the Adv. of Science;
1981 to Date, International Academy of Pathology;
1977 - 1984, International Society for Experimental Hematology;
1977to date, Northwest Society of Pathologists.

Future Research

Correlation of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging ) with marrow histology to better assess myelofibrosis in stem cell transplant patients. Tolerance in stem cell and solid organ transplantation with mixed chimerism.

Keywords

COS Keywords:

Bone Marrow Transplantation, Pathogenesis, Pathology, Transplantation Immunology.

Languages

(Reading, Writing, Speaking)

English: (Fluent, Fluent, Fluent)
French: (Basic, None, None)

Memberships

College of American Pathologists
International Academy of Pathology
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
Physicians for Social Responsibility

Previous Positions

1982-1988, Associate Professor of Pathology, School of Medicine, School of Medicine
1991-present, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, Member
1983-1991, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, Associate Member
1982-present, Veterans Admin. Hospital Marrow Transplant Program, Seattle, Washington, Consultant Pathologist
1978-1983, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, Assistant Member\

Funding Received

  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Pathology Core sections of Adult Leukemia Center Program Project Grant and Stem cell transplant for nonmalignant disorders programroject grant, F. Appelbaum and R. Storb, respective PI's, to .

Publications

  • Storb R, Raff RF, Graham T, Appelbaum FR, Deeg HJ, Schuening FG, Sale G, Seidel K, Dose rate-dependent marrow toxicity of TBI in dogs and marrow sparing effect at high dose rate by dose fractionation., Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 5(3), 155-61, 1999 Abstract
  • Martin P J, Akatsuka Y, Hahne M, Sale G, Involvement of donor T-cell cytotoxic effector mechanisms in preventing allogeneic marrow graft rejection., Blood, 92(6), 2177-81, 15 Sep 1998 Abstract
  • van Burik J H, Leisenring W, Myerson D, Hackman R C, Shulman H M, Sale G E, Bowden R A, McDonald G B, The effect of prophylactic fluconazole on the clinical spectrum of fungal diseases in bone marrow transplant recipients with special attention to hepatic candidiasis. An autopsy study of 355 patients., Medicine, 77(4), 246-54, July 1998 Abstract
  • Wells D A, Sale G E, Shulman H M, Myerson D, Bryant E M, Gooley T, Loken M R, Multidimensional flow cytometry of marrow can differentiate leukemic from normal lymphoblasts and myeloblasts after chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation., American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 110(1), 84-94, July 1998 Abstract
  • Ko C W, Gooley T, Schoch H G, Myerson D, Hackman R C, Shulman H M, Sale G E, Lee S P, McDonald G B, Acute pancreatitis in marrow transplant patients: prevalence at autopsy and risk factor analysis., Bone Marrow Transplantation, 20(12), 1081-6, December 1997 Abstract
  • Otero Lopez-Cubero S, Sale G E, McDonald G B, Acute graft-versus-host disease of the esophagus., Endoscopy, 29(7), S35-6, September 1997 Abstract
  • Anderson J E, Sale G, Appelbaum F R, Chauncey T R, Storb R, Allogeneic marrow transplantation for primary myelofibrosis and myelofibrosis secondary to polycythaemia vera or essential thrombocytosis., British Journal of Haematology, 98(4), 1010-6, September 1997 Abstract
  • Yu C, Seidel K, Fitzsimmons W E, Sale G, Storb R, Glucocorticoids fail to enhance the effect of FK506 and methotrexate in prevention of graft-versus-host disease after DLA-nonidentical, unrelated marrow transplantation., Bone Marrow Transplantation, 20(2), 137-41, July 1997 Abstract
  • Sierra J, Storer B, Hansen J A, Bjerke J W, Martin P J, Petersdorf E W, Appelbaum F R, Bryant E, Chauncey T R, Sale G, Sanders J E, Storb R, Sullivan K M, Anasetti C, Transplantation of marrow cells from unrelated donors for treatment of high-risk acute leukemia: the effect of leukemic burden, donor HLA-matching, and marrow cell dose., Blood, 89(11), 4226-35, 1 Jun 1997 Abstract
  • Sale G E, Alopecia in liver transplant recipients, British Journal of Dermatology, 136(4), 635, April 1997 Abstract
  • McSweeney P A, Rouleau K A, Storb R, Bolles L, Wallace P M, Beauchamp M, Krizanac-Bengez L, Moore P, Sale G, Sandmaier B, de Revel T, Appelbaum F R, Nash R A, Canine CD34: cloning of the cDNA and evaluation of an antiserum to recombinant protein., Blood, 88(6), 1992-2003, 15 Sep 1996 Abstract
  • Massumoto C, Benyunes M C, Sale G, Beauchamp M, York A, Thompson J A, Buckner C D, Fefer A, Close simulation of acute graft-versus-host disease by interleukin-2 administered after autologous bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancy., Bone Marrow Transplantation, 17(3), 351-6, March 1996 Abstract
  • Sale G E, Does graft-versus-host disease attack epithelial stem cells?, Molecular Medicine Today, 2(3), 114-9, March 1996 Abstract
  • Bean M A, Graham T, Appelbaum F R, Deeg H J, Schuening F, Sale G E, Leisenring W, Pepe M, Storb R, Gamma radiation of blood products prevents rejection of subsequent DLA-identical marrow grafts. Tolerance versus abrogation of sensitization to non-DLA antigens., Transplantation, 61(2), 334-5, 27 Jan 1996 Abstract
  • Soll E, Massumoto C, Clift R A, Buckner C D, Appelbaum F R, Storb R, Sale G, Hackman R, Martin P, Relevance of marrow fibrosis in bone marrow transplantation: a retrospective analysis of engraftment., Blood, 86(12), 4667-73, 15 Dec 1995 Abstract
  • Sale G E, Perforin in GVHD, American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 104(6), 705-6, December 1995 Abstract
  • Rossetti F, Brawner D L, Bowden R, Meyer W G, Schoch H G, Fisher L, Myerson D, Hackman R C, Shulman H M, Sale G E, et al, Fungal liver infection in marrow transplant recipients: prevalence at autopsy, predisposing factors, and clinical features., Clinical Infectious Diseases, 20(4), 801-11, April 1995 Abstract
  • Jakic-Razumovic J, Sale G E, Beauchamp M D, Storb R, Sandmaier B M, CD8+ activated T lymphocytes produce an in vitro skin graft-versus-host reaction in an organotypic skin culture model., Transplantation, 59(1), 69-78, 15 Jan 1995 Abstract
  • Sale G E, Raff R F, Storb R, Stem cell regions in filiform papillae of tongue as targets of graft-versus-host disease., Transplantation, 58(11), 1273-5, 15 Dec 1994 Abstract
  • Sale G E, Beauchamp M D, Akiyama M, Parafollicular bulges, but not hair bulb keratinocytes, are attacked in graft-versus-host disease of human skin., Bone Marrow Transplantation, 14(3), 411-3, September 1994 Abstract
  • Storb R, Raff R F, Appelbaum F R, Deeg H J, Graham T C, Schuening F G, Sale G, Bryant E, Seidel K, Fractionated versus single-dose total body irradiation at low and high dose rates to condition canine littermates for DLA-identical marrow grafts., Blood, 83(11), 3384-9, 1 Jun 1994 Abstract
  • Bean M A, Graham T, Appelbaum F R, Deeg H J, Schuening F, Sale G E, Storb R, Gamma-irradiation of pretransplant blood transfusions from unrelated donors prevents sensitization to minor histocompatibility antigens on dog leukocyte antigen-identical canine marrow grafts., Transplantation, 57(3), 423-6, February 1994 Abstract
  • Sale G E, Beauchamp M, Myerson D, Immunohistologic staining of cytotoxic T and NK cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue using microwave TIA-1 antigen retrieval., Transplantation, 57(2), 287-9, January 1994 Abstract
  • Jakic-Razumovic J, Storb R, Sandmaier B M, Sale G E, An organotypic skin culture model in dogs. A model for transplantation immunopathology in canine systems., Transplantation, 57(2), 285-7, January 1994 Abstract
  • Sale G E, Follicular graft-versus-host reaction, Dermatology, 188(4), 331, 1994 Abstract
  • Storb R, Raff R F, Appelbaum F R, Deeg H J, Fitzsimmons W, Graham T C, Pepe M, Pettinger M, Sale G, van der Jagt R, et al, FK-506 and methotrexate prevent graft-versus-host disease in dogs given 9.2 Gy total body irradiation and marrow grafts from unrelated dog leukocyte antigen-nonidentical donors., Transplantation, 56(4), 800-7, October 1993 Abstract
  • Raff R F, Severns E M, Storb R, Graham T C, Sale G, Schuening F G, Appelbaum F R, Studies of the use of L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester in canine allogeneic marrow transplantation., Transplantation, 55(6), 1244-9, June 1993 Abstract
  • Raff R F, Storb R, Graham T, Deeg H J, Pepe M, Schaffer R, Sale G E, Schuening F, Appelbaum F R, What role for 15-deoxyspergualin in enhancing engraftment of unrelated, histoincompatible canine marrow grafts and preventing graft-versus-host disease?, Transplantation, 55(3), 684-8, March 1993 Abstract
  • Sale G E, Beauchamp M, Parafollicular hair bulge in human GVHD: a stem cell-rich primary target., Bone Marrow Transplantation, 11(3), 223-5, March 1993 Abstract
  • Raff R F, Loughran T P Jr, Graham T, Pepe M, Johnston B, Sale G E, Storb R, Splenectomy does not enhance engraftment of DLA-nonidentical marrow transplants., Experimental Hematology, 21(2), 385-7, February 1993 Abstract
  • de Oliveira J S, Auerbach S B, Sullivan K M, Sale G E, Fatal eosinophilia myalgia syndrome in a marrow transplant patient attributed to total parenteral nutrition with a solution containing tryptophan., Bone Marrow Transplantation, 11(2), 163-7, February 1993 Abstract
  • Raff R F, Storb R, Graham T, Sale G, Shulman H, Pepe M, Deeg H J, Schuening F, Appelbaum F R, Fidler J M, et al, Succinyl acetone plus methotrexate as graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in DLA-haploidentical canine littermate marrow grafts [comment], Transplantation, 54(5), 947-8, November 1992 Abstract
  • de Oliveira J S, Sale G E, Bryant E M, Sanders J, Buckner C D, Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in children: treatment with bone marrow transplantation., Bone Marrow Transplantation, 10(5), 399-403, November 1992 Abstract
  • Raff R F, Storb R, Graham T, Fidler J M, Sale G E, Johnston B, Deeg H J, Pepe M, Schuening F, Appelbaum F R, et al, Pharmacologic, toxicologic, and marrow transplantation studies in dogs given succinyl acetone, Transplantation, 54(5), 813-20, November 1992 Abstract
  • Sale G E, Alavaikko M, Schaefers K M, Mahan C T, Abnormal CD4:CD8 ratios and delayed germinal center reconstitution in lymph nodes of human graft recipients with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD): an immunohistological study., Experimental Hematology, 20(8), 1017-21, September 1992 Abstract
  • Jakic-Razumovic J, Browne M D, Sale G E, Proliferation rates in epidermis of patients with graft-versus-host disease, non-specific inflammation and normal skin., Bone Marrow Transplantation, 10(1), 27-31, July 1992 Abstract
  • Sale G E, False positive diagnosis of pretransplant breast cancer in the bone marrow due to delayed fixation, Bone Marrow Transplantation, 10(1), 98, July 1992 Abstract
  • Sale G E, Anderson P, Browne M, Myerson D, Evidence of cytotoxic T-cell destruction of epidermal cells in human graft-vs-host disease. Immunohistology with monoclonal antibody TIA-1., Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 116(6), 622-5, June 1992 Abstract
  • Bean M A, Storb R, Graham T, Raff R, Sale G E, Schuening F, Appelbaum F R, Prevention of transfusion-induced sensitization to minor histocompatibility antigens on DLA-identical canine marrow grafts by gamma irradiation of marrow donor blood., Transplantation, 52(6), 956-60, December 1991 Abstract
  • Sale G E, Are stem cells attacked in graft-versus-host disease?, Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, 18(5), 305-6, October 1991 Abstract
  • Sale G E, Jakic-Razumovic J, Hamilton B S, Evidence supporting the prediction that the squamocolumnar junction of murine forestomach is a site of epithelial stem cells [letter], Bone Marrow Transplantation, 8(3), 237-8, September 1991 Abstract
  • Sale G E, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the pathologist, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 115(8), 741, August 1991 Abstract
  • Sale G E, Farr A, Hamilton B L, The murine forestomach: a sensitive site for graft-versus-host disease., Bone Marrow Transplantation, 7(4), 263-7, April 1991 Abstract
  • Sviland L, Sale G E, Myerson D, Endothelial changes in cutaneous graft-versus-host disease: a comparison between HLA matched and mismatched recipients of bone marrow transplantation., Bone Marrow Transplantation, 7(1), 35-8, January 1991 Abstract
  • Tanaka K, Sullivan K M, Shulman H M, Sale G E, Tanaka A, A clinical review: cutaneous manifestations of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplantation., Journal of Dermatology, 18(1), 11-7, January 1991 Abstract
  • Loughran T P Jr, Raff R F, Graham T C, Appelbaum F R, Schuening F G, Sale G E, Storb R, Transfusion of autologous cytotoxic cells leads to failure of unrelated, DLA-nonidentical marrow grafts., Experimental Hematology, 18(10), 1126-31, November 1990 Abstract
  • Loughran T P Jr, Sullivan K, Morton T, Beckham C, Schubert M, Witherspoon R, Sale G, Sanders J, Fisher L, Shulman H, et al, Value of day 100 screening studies for predicting the development of chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation., Blood, 76(1), 228-34, 1 Jul 1990 Abstract
  • Bowden R A, Coombs R W, Nikora B H, Bigelow C, Sale G E, Thomas E D, Meyers J D, Corey L, Progression of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection after allogeneic marrow transplantation., American Journal of Medicine, 88(5N), 49N-52N, May 1990 Abstract
  • Sale, GE, Raff, RF, and Storb R, Brief Communications: Stem cell regions in filiform papillae of tongue as targets of graft-versus-host disease. Transplantation 58: 1273-1287, 1994
  • Sale, GE, Beauchamp, MD, and Akiyama, M, Parafollicular bulges, but not hair bulb keratinocytes, are attacked in graft-versus-host disease of human skin. Bone Marrow Transplantation 14: 411-413, 1994
  • Sale, GE, Beauchamp, M, and Myerson, D, Brief Communications: Immunohistologic staining of cytotoxic T- and NK- cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue using microwave TIA-1 antigen retrieval. Transplantation 57: 287-289, 1994
  • Sale, GE (ed.), The Pathology of Organ Transplantation. London, Stoneham: Butterworth Publishers, Inc., 1990

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Last Updated: 12/17/2002

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