Dr. Steven Pao

(Reading, Writing, Speaking)

United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): Enhancement of agricultural bioinformatics training at Virginia State University, $198.840, 2007 to 2010.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): Managing the impact of wild birds on food safety and farm hygiene, $300,000, 2006 to 2010.
Virginia Department of Health (VDH): Determining the impact of concentrated animal feeding operations on surface water quality in Virginia, and examining their role in the development of antibiotic-resistant organisms, $24,000, 2006 to 2007.
Virginia Agricultural Council (VAC): Edamame: a potential vegetable crop to Virginia, $16,830, 2006 to 2008.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): Drinking water quality assessment at undeserved farms and families, $139,510, 2005 to 2008.
Highland Fresh Technologies: Decontaminating raw produce using purified chlorine dioxide, $20,000, 2005 to 2009.
Almond Board of California (ABC): Pre-shelling and post-shelling sanitizing treatments for raw almonds, $16,000, 2004 to 2004.
Almond Board of California (ABC): Expert review and consultation on sanitizers and antimicrobial cleaners for produce processing, $3,000, 2004 to 2004.
Citrus Grower Associates, Inc (CGA): Expert review on the retail utilization of pre-sanitized citrus fruit for fresh juice production in non-citrus producing regions, $4,000, 2004 to 2004.
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): Risk assessment of tanker-truck sanitation as related to the secure transportation of juices and dairy products, $500,000, 2003 to 2006.
Florida Department of Citrus (FDOC): Expert review on current science and governmental policies associated with the principle and implementation of food safety program, $4,000, 2003 to 2003.
United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS): Research on surrogates for 5-log reduction determinations for fresh citrus juice, $22,720, 1999 to 1999.
InterCitrus Agricultural e Comercial S.A.: Microbial reduction associated with extraction of fresh orange juice, $2,500, 1999 to 1999.
3M Health Care: Disinfection study, $2,000, 1999 to 1999.
FMC Co.: Microbial safety of fresh citrus and citrus juice, $29,500, 1998 to 1999.
Chemical System of Florida, Inc.: Fruit surface chemical disinfection study, $1,500, 1998 to 1998.
Juice Tree, Inc.: Microbial reduction associated with juice extraction of fresh orange juice, $2,500, 1998 to 1998.

• Pao S, Kelsey DF, Long W III (2009) Spray washing of tomatoes with chlorine dioxide to minimize Salmonella on inoculated fruit surfaces and cross-contamination from revolving brushes, Jounral of Food Protection, 72 (12), 2448-52
• Pao S, Ettinger MR (Aug 2009) Comparison of the microbial quality of ground beef and ground beef patties from internet and local retail markets., Journal of food protection, 72 (8), 1722-6
• Pao S, Ettinger MR, Khalid MF, Reid AO, Nerrie BL (2008) Microbial quality of raw aquacultured fish fillets procured from Internet and local retail markets., Journal of food protection, 71 (8), 1544-9
• Hsieh Y-HP, Pao S, Li J (2008) Traditional Chinese Fermented Foods, Handbook of Fermented Functional Foods, 2nd Edition, Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 433-74 pages, ISBN=9781420053265 (bookchapter)
• Pao S, Ettinger MR, Khalid MF, Mebrahtu T, Mullins C (2008) Microbiological quality of frozen "edamame" (vegetable soybean), Journal of Food Safety, 28, 300-13
• Atalay A, Pao S, James M, Whitehead B, Allen A (2008) Drinking ater assessment at underserved farms in Virginia's coastal plain, Jounral of Environmental Monitoring and Restoration, 4, 53-64
• Pao S, Kalantari A, Khalid ME (2008) Eliminating Salmonella enterica in alfalfa and mung bean sprouts by organic acid and hot water immersions, Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 32, 335-42
• Pao S, Kelsey DF, Khalid MF, Ettinger MR (2007) Using aqueous chlorine dioxide to prevent contamination of tomatoes with Salmonella enterica and Erwinia carotovora during fruit washing., Journal of Food Protection, 70 (3), 629-34
• Atalay A, Bronick C, Pao S, Mersie W, Kalantari A, McNamee C, Whitehead B (2007) Nutrient and microbial dynamics in biosolids amended soils following rainfall simulation, Soil and Sediment Contamination, 16 (2), 209-19
• Kang D, Eifert JD, Williams RC, Pao S (2007) Evaluation of quantitative recovery methods for Listeria monocytogenes applied to stainless steel, Journal of AOAC International, 90 (3), 810-6
• Pao S, Kalantari A, Huang G (2006) Utilizing acidic sprays for eliminating Salmonella enterica on raw almonds, Journal of Food Science, 71 (1), M14-9
• Pao S, Khalid MF, Kalantari A (2006) Inhibiting the growth of Bacillus cereus in raw sprouts and cooked rice using red clover seeds, Internet Journal of Food Safety, 8, 44-8
• Pao, S., DF Kelsey (2006) Food Safety Programs, Fresh Citrus Fruits, 2nd Edition, Longboat Key, FL, Florida Science Source, Inc., 105-27 pages, ISBN=0-944961-08-8 (bookchapter)
• Pao S, Khalid MF, Kalantari A (2005) Microbial profiles of online-procured sprouting seeds and potential hazards associated with enterotoxigenic Bacillus spp. in homegrown sprouts, Journal of Food Protection, 68 (8), 1648-53
• Pao S, Patel D, Kalantari A, Tritschler JP, Wildeus S, Sayre BL (2005) Detection of Salmonella strains and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in feces of small ruminants and their isolation with various media., Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71 (4), 2158-61
• Pao S, Randolph SP, Westbrook EW, Shen H (2004) Use of bacteriophages to control salmonella in experimentally contaminated sprout seeds, Journal of Food Science, 69 (5), M127-30
• Pao, S, PJ Fellers (2003) Citrus Fruits:Oranges, Encyclopedia of Food Science and Nutrition, 2nd Edition, San Diego, CA, Academic Press, 1341-6 pages, ISBN=0-12-227055-X (bookchapter)
• Tritschler JP, Pao S (2003) A concise view of risk management for agrosecurity, Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs, 20 (4), 505-15
• Pao S, Davis CL, Friedrich LM, Parish ME (2002) Utilization of fluorogenic assay for rapid detection of Escherichia coli in acidic fruit juice., Journal of Food Protection, 65 (12), 1943-8
• Pao S, Davis CL (2001) Maximizing microbiological quality of fresh orange juice by processing sanitation and fruit surface treatments, Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, 21 (4), 287-91
• Pao S, Davis CL, Parish ME (2001) Microscopic observation and processing validation of fruit sanitizing treatments for the enhanced microbiological safety of fresh orange juice., Journal of Food Protection, 64 (3), 310-4
• Pao S, Davis CL (2001) Transfer of natural and artificially inoculated microorganisms from orange fruit to fresh juice during extraction, Food Science and Technology (lwt), 34, 113-7
• Pao S, Davis CL (2001) Comparing attachment, heat tolerance and alkali resistance of pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacterial cultures on orange surfaces, Journal of Rapid Methods and Automation in Microbiology, 9, 271-8
• Pao S, Davis CL, Kelsey DF (2000) Efficacy of alkaline washing for the decontamination of orange fruit surfaces inoculated with Escherichia coli, Journal of Food Protection, 63 (7), 961-4
• Pao S, Davis CL (1999) Enhancing microbiological safety of fresh orange juice by fruit immersion in hot water and chemical sanitizers., Journal of Food Protection, 62 (7), 756-60
• Pao S, Davis CL, Kelsey DF, Petracek PD (1999) Sanitizing effect of fruit waxes at high pH and temperature on orange surfaces inoculated with Escherichia coli, Journal of Food Science, 64, 359-62
• Peeples WW, Albrigo LG, Pao S, Petracek PD (1999) Effects of coatings on quality of Florida Valencia oranges stored for summer sale, Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 112, 126-30
• Pao S, Brown GE (1998) Reduction of microorganisms on citrus fruit surfaces during packinghouse processing., Journal of Food Protection, 61 (7), 903-6
• Petracek PD, Dou H, Pao S (1998) The influence of applied waxes on a postharvest physiological behavior and pitting of grapefruit, Postharvest Biology and Technology, 14, 99-106
• Pao S, Petracek PD (1998) Infusion of citrus fruit peel by low-pressure injection using a self-sealing nozzle, Journal of Food Process Engineering, 21, 49-58
• Pao S, Brown GE, Schneider KR (1998) Challenge studies with selected pathogenic bacteria on freshly peeled Hamlin orange, Journal of Food Science, 58 (2), 359-62
• Pao S, Ismail MA, Rapetti AA (1998) Development and testing of toppings to enhance eating quality of fresh-cut grapefruit sections, Proceedings of the State of Florida Horticultural Society, 111, 236-8
• Brown GE, Petracek PD, Chambers M, Dou H, Pao S (1998) Attempts to extend the market availability of 'Marsh' grapefruit with storage at 2-3oC, Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 111, 268-73
• Pao S, Widmer WW, Petracek PD (1997) Effects of cutting on juice leakage, microbiological stability, and bitter substances of peeled citrus, Food Science and Technology (lwt), 30, 670-5
• Pao S, Petracek PD (1997) Shelf-life extension of peeled oranges by citric acid treatment, Food Microbiology, 14, 485-91
• Pao S, Petracek PD, Ismail MA (1997) Advances in preparing peeled fresh-cut citrus, Food Technology International, 42, 39-40
• Pao S, Petracek PD, Brown GE (1996) Effect of infusion method on peel removal and storage quality of citrus, HortTechnology, 6 (4), 409-13
• Pao S, Fellers PJ, Brown GE, Chambers MW (1996) Formulation and sensory evaluation of fresh-squeezed, unpasteurized citrus juice blends, Fruit Processing, 7, 268-71