Anne O'Neill Summers |
|
University of Georgia College of Arts and Sciences Microbiology ProfessorAppointed: 1987 |  |
Mailing Address263 Biological Sciences Building University of Georgia Athens, Georgia 30602-2605United States | Contact Information |
Qualifications
Ph.D., Washington University in St. Louis, Molecular Biology, 1973.
M.S., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Microbiology, 1965.
B.S., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Chemistry, 1964.
Expertise and Research Interests
We study bacterial plasmid-encoded resistance to inorganic and organic mercury compounds as a model for (a) gene regulation by transition metals, (b) microbial detoxification of environmental hazards, and (c) the influence of xenobiotic agents on the commensal microbiota of vertebrates. A separate but related area of interest is lateral gene transfer in prokaryotes with special emphasis of the dissemination by plasmids and transposons of genes for resistance to toxic metals and antibiotics.
Many eubacteria carry plasmid- and transposon-encoded genes allowing them to detoxify both inorganic and organic forms of mercury. Our first two areas of interest in mercury encompass the regulation and the enzymology of this bacterial mercury detoxification process.
With respect to gene regulation, we have established that the highly sensitive and specific Hg-responsive metalloregulatory protein, MerR, sequesters RNA polymerase (RNAP) in a stable pre-initiation complex characterized by extensive contacts between the homodimeric MerR protein and 3 of the 4 subunits of the RNAP holoenzyme. MerR is the scion of a novel family of anti-parallel coiled-coil activator-repressor proteins, all current members of which are involved in regulating systems involved in cellular responses to metals or to large aromatic compounds, including antibiotics and disinfectants. Recently, we have observed that discrete sub-domains of MerR are involved in these contacts and that the amino- and carboxy-terminal domains of MerR itself experience minimal physical proximity with each other. Using NMR and titration calorimetry of wildtype and mutant MerR we are dissecting the basis for the protein's remarkable sensitivity and specificity. In collaboration with Sue Miller(UCSF) and Mary Lipton (DOE-Pacific Nortwest National Laboratory) we are also defining the Hg-shock transcriptome and proteome in a bacterial model system as a basis for identifying biomarkers for Hg intoxication.
With respect to enzymology, we are using a combination of genetic, biochemical, NMR, and crystallography studies to define the mechanistic basis for the degradation of organomercurials effected by the organomercurial lyase (MerB), one of the two enzymes encoded by bacterial mercury resistance operons. We also collaborate with Sue Miller (UCSF) in a study of the roles of the domains of MerA (the mercuric ion reductase), the central enzyme involved in mercury detoxification.
With respect to prokaryotic gene transfer, we study metal and antibiotic resistance traits in natural microbial ecosystems and have quantified such genes and their host bacteria with both cultivation and molecular methods in longitudinal studies of the primate GI tract and poultry litter. More recently we have narrowed our focus to developing tools for genomics and bioinformatics of the large, mobile plasmids that are major agents of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes and have two sequencing projects underway in this regard.
Many eubacteria carry plasmid- and transposon-encoded genes allowing them to detoxify both inorganic and organic forms of mercury. Our first two areas of interest in mercury encompass the regulation and the enzymology of this bacterial mercury detoxification process.
With respect to gene regulation, we have established that the highly sensitive and specific Hg-responsive metalloregulatory protein, MerR, sequesters RNA polymerase (RNAP) in a stable pre-initiation complex characterized by extensive contacts between the homodimeric MerR protein and 3 of the 4 subunits of the RNAP holoenzyme. MerR is the scion of a novel family of anti-parallel coiled-coil activator-repressor proteins, all current members of which are involved in regulating systems involved in cellular responses to metals or to large aromatic compounds, including antibiotics and disinfectants. Recently, we have observed that discrete sub-domains of MerR are involved in these contacts and that the amino- and carboxy-terminal domains of MerR itself experience minimal physical proximity with each other. Using NMR and titration calorimetry of wildtype and mutant MerR we are dissecting the basis for the protein's remarkable sensitivity and specificity. In collaboration with Sue Miller(UCSF) and Mary Lipton (DOE-Pacific Nortwest National Laboratory) we are also defining the Hg-shock transcriptome and proteome in a bacterial model system as a basis for identifying biomarkers for Hg intoxication.
With respect to enzymology, we are using a combination of genetic, biochemical, NMR, and crystallography studies to define the mechanistic basis for the degradation of organomercurials effected by the organomercurial lyase (MerB), one of the two enzymes encoded by bacterial mercury resistance operons. We also collaborate with Sue Miller (UCSF) in a study of the roles of the domains of MerA (the mercuric ion reductase), the central enzyme involved in mercury detoxification.
With respect to prokaryotic gene transfer, we study metal and antibiotic resistance traits in natural microbial ecosystems and have quantified such genes and their host bacteria with both cultivation and molecular methods in longitudinal studies of the primate GI tract and poultry litter. More recently we have narrowed our focus to developing tools for genomics and bioinformatics of the large, mobile plasmids that are major agents of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes and have two sequencing projects underway in this regard.
Other Expertise
Commitee Memberships:
Member, Laboratory Practices Committee, American Society for Microbiology, 1979-1980; Program Planning Committee, 1981 Gordon Research Conference on Microbial Degradation;
American Society for Microbiology, Committee on Conferences, 1981-1984;
Program Co-chairperson, Southeastern Branch ASM Meeting, 1982, Jekyll Island, GA;
Planning Committee, American Society for Microbiology, Conference on Undergraduate Education, 1990;
Chair-elect, Division H (Molecular Biology), American Society for Microbiology, 1991-1992;
Chair, Division H (Molecular Biology), American Society for Microbiology, 1992-1993;
Participant, American Academy of Microbiology Workshop on the Scientific Foundations of Bioremediation, Iowa City, March 1992;
Member, Publications Committee, American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1992-95;
Member, Planning Committee, American Academy of Microbiology Workshop on Field Release of GEM's for Bioremediation, San Antonio, TX, Jan 1993;
Member, External Review Committee, Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 12-15 April 1993;
Member, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Congressional Liason Committee, 1993-present;
Lead Organizer, Keystone Symposium on Metals and Oxygen in Gene Regulation, March 1995.
Chair, Gordon Conference on Environmental Bioinorganic Chemistry (GRC-EBIC), 2008
Review Panels:
Genetic Biology Panel, National Science Foundation, 1984-1987;
Biological Sciences Advisory Panel, Athens Vocational/Technical School, 1985-1986
Review Panel, NSF, Research Opportunities for Women, 1989
Member, NIH Study Section, Microbial Physiology and Genetics (2), MBC-2, 1993-1997
Member, NIH Special Study Section on Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Program, 1983
Member, Genetic Biology Panel, NSF, 1983-1985
Consultant, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Special Grants and Programs in Education, 1988
Consultant, Envirogen, Inc. Princeton, NJ, 1989-92.
Consultant, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pre-doctoral Fellowships Review Panel, 1991, 1993
Member, NIH Study Section, Microbial Physiology and Genetics (2), MBC-2, 1993-97
Member, NIH Special Study Section for RFA 'Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases', Oct 2001
Review Panel, NSF, Frontiers in Integrative Biologial Research (FIBR), Dec 2003
Review Panel, CDC, Initiative on Community-Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, June 2003
Advisory Panel, Sanger Institute Plasmid Sequencing Initiative, 2005-present
Advisor, ACLAME: A Classification of Genetic Mobile Elements, http://aclame.ulb.ac.be/
NAS-NRC Workshop on Antibiotic Resistance, May 2005.
Editorial Boards:
Member, Editorial Board, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1980-1984, 1993-1995
Member, Editorial Board, Journal of Bacteriology, 1988-1990, 1991-1993
Member, Editorial Board, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (UNESCO), 1992-1994
Ad hoc reviewer for Plasmid, Molecular Microbiology, Journal of Molecular Biology, Science, Biochemistry, J. Biol. Chem.,Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
Associate Editor, Research in Microbiology, 2005-
Consultancies:
Consultant, Bioscience Div., Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY, 1977-1984
Consultant, Battelle Memorial Research Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio, 1981-1983
Consultant, Chevron Research, Inc., Richmond, California, 1981-1982
Board Memberships:
Member, Board of Directors, Univ. of Georgia Research Foundation, 1984-1986
Member, Board of Directors,Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society, July 1995-97
Additional Expertise:
I have taken 360 hours of certified professional communications training (motivation, mentoring, negotiation, team building) and served as volunteer staff of the Learner's Edge, education-oriented training center in Atlanta. I have also arranged professional communications training workshops suitable for academic scientists sponsored by the University of Georgia, the American Society for Cell Biology, the American Society for Microbiology, and the National Science Foundation and served as co-trainer for 2 professional communication skills workshops (mentoring and negotiating) at the University of Georgia.
Member, Laboratory Practices Committee, American Society for Microbiology, 1979-1980; Program Planning Committee, 1981 Gordon Research Conference on Microbial Degradation;
American Society for Microbiology, Committee on Conferences, 1981-1984;
Program Co-chairperson, Southeastern Branch ASM Meeting, 1982, Jekyll Island, GA;
Planning Committee, American Society for Microbiology, Conference on Undergraduate Education, 1990;
Chair-elect, Division H (Molecular Biology), American Society for Microbiology, 1991-1992;
Chair, Division H (Molecular Biology), American Society for Microbiology, 1992-1993;
Participant, American Academy of Microbiology Workshop on the Scientific Foundations of Bioremediation, Iowa City, March 1992;
Member, Publications Committee, American Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1992-95;
Member, Planning Committee, American Academy of Microbiology Workshop on Field Release of GEM's for Bioremediation, San Antonio, TX, Jan 1993;
Member, External Review Committee, Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 12-15 April 1993;
Member, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Congressional Liason Committee, 1993-present;
Lead Organizer, Keystone Symposium on Metals and Oxygen in Gene Regulation, March 1995.
Chair, Gordon Conference on Environmental Bioinorganic Chemistry (GRC-EBIC), 2008
Review Panels:
Genetic Biology Panel, National Science Foundation, 1984-1987;
Biological Sciences Advisory Panel, Athens Vocational/Technical School, 1985-1986
Review Panel, NSF, Research Opportunities for Women, 1989
Member, NIH Study Section, Microbial Physiology and Genetics (2), MBC-2, 1993-1997
Member, NIH Special Study Section on Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Program, 1983
Member, Genetic Biology Panel, NSF, 1983-1985
Consultant, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Special Grants and Programs in Education, 1988
Consultant, Envirogen, Inc. Princeton, NJ, 1989-92.
Consultant, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Pre-doctoral Fellowships Review Panel, 1991, 1993
Member, NIH Study Section, Microbial Physiology and Genetics (2), MBC-2, 1993-97
Member, NIH Special Study Section for RFA 'Infectious Etiology of Chronic Diseases', Oct 2001
Review Panel, NSF, Frontiers in Integrative Biologial Research (FIBR), Dec 2003
Review Panel, CDC, Initiative on Community-Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, June 2003
Advisory Panel, Sanger Institute Plasmid Sequencing Initiative, 2005-present
Advisor, ACLAME: A Classification of Genetic Mobile Elements, http://aclame.ulb.ac.be/
NAS-NRC Workshop on Antibiotic Resistance, May 2005.
Editorial Boards:
Member, Editorial Board, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1980-1984, 1993-1995
Member, Editorial Board, Journal of Bacteriology, 1988-1990, 1991-1993
Member, Editorial Board, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (UNESCO), 1992-1994
Ad hoc reviewer for Plasmid, Molecular Microbiology, Journal of Molecular Biology, Science, Biochemistry, J. Biol. Chem.,Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
Associate Editor, Research in Microbiology, 2005-
Consultancies:
Consultant, Bioscience Div., Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY, 1977-1984
Consultant, Battelle Memorial Research Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio, 1981-1983
Consultant, Chevron Research, Inc., Richmond, California, 1981-1982
Board Memberships:
Member, Board of Directors, Univ. of Georgia Research Foundation, 1984-1986
Member, Board of Directors,Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society, July 1995-97
Additional Expertise:
I have taken 360 hours of certified professional communications training (motivation, mentoring, negotiation, team building) and served as volunteer staff of the Learner's Edge, education-oriented training center in Atlanta. I have also arranged professional communications training workshops suitable for academic scientists sponsored by the University of Georgia, the American Society for Cell Biology, the American Society for Microbiology, and the National Science Foundation and served as co-trainer for 2 professional communication skills workshops (mentoring and negotiating) at the University of Georgia.
Future Research
Metals-related: Hybrid biotic-fabricated devices for sequestration and recovery of toxic metals.
Drug resistance-related: High throughput arrays for epidemiological tracking emergence of virulence and drug resistance
Drug resistance-related: High throughput arrays for epidemiological tracking emergence of virulence and drug resistance
Industrial Relevance
Metals-related: Removal and recovery of mercury in aqueous environments.
Drug resistance-related: Controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance
Drug resistance-related: Controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance
Keywords
COS Keywords:
Antibiotics, Bacteriology, Biochemistry, Nucleic Acids, Biochemistry, Proteins, Biodegradation, Biophysical Chemistry, Biosystematics, Dentistry, Detoxification, Drug Resistance, Environmental Health Standards, Gene Expression, Gene Regulation, Gene Transfer, Genetics, Health and Medicine, Infectious Diseases Or Agents, Microbial Degradation, Microbiology, Molecular Genetics, Molecular Microbiology, Neurological Disorders, Nucleic Acid Structure Or Function, Nucleic Acids, Plasmids, Proteins and Macromolecules, Receptors, Transcription.Additional Terms:
Amalgam, Antibiotic, Bacterial Gene Expression, Bacterial Population Biology, Bioremediation, Dental, Detoxification, Drug Resistance, Gene, Gene Regulation, Global Proteomics, Horizontal Gene Transfer, Integron, Lateral Gene Transfer, Metal, Metal Detoxification, Metal-shock Proteomics, Metal-shock Transcriptomics, Metalloregulation, Microbiology, Mobile Genetic Element Bioinformatics, Molecular Microbiology, Plasmid, Resistance, Transcription, Transcriptional Regulation, Transposon.Languages
(Reading, Writing, Speaking)
French: (Functional, Functional, Functional)
Memberships
American Academy of Microbiology
American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Chemical Society
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
American Society for Microbiology
Genetics Society of America
Sigma Delta Epsilon - Graduate Women in Science
Sigma Xi
Honors and Awards
1994-2007,
Fellow,
American Association for the Advancement of Science,
Biological Sciences
1989-2007,
Fellow,
American Academy of Microbiology,
Microbiology
1986-1987,
Guggenheim Fellowship,
John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Yeast genetics
1986-1987,
Bunting Science Fellowship,
The Mary Ingraham Bunting Institute,
Radcliffe College, Harvard University,
Yeast genetics
1980-1985,
Research Career Development Award,
NIH,
Molecular microbiology
Previous Positions
1986-1987, Visiting Professor,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Engineering,
Department of Biology
1983-1987, Associate Professor,
University of Georgia,
College of Arts and Sciences,
Microbiology
1977-1983, Assistant Professor,
University of Georgia,
College of Arts and Sciences,
Microbiology
1975-1977, Instructor,
Harvard University,
Medical School,
Infectious Disease Unit,
Massachusetts General Hospital
1973-1975, American Cancer Society Postdoctoral Fellow,
University of Virginia,
School of Medicine,
Microbiology
1969-1973, NDEA and NIH Predoctoral Fellow,
Washington University in St. Louis,
School of Arts & Sciences,
Biology Department
1967-1969, Staff Scientist,
Saint Louis University,
School of Medicine,
Institute for Molecular Virology
1965-1967, Staff Scientist,
Eli Lilly Research Laboratories
1964-1965, Graduate Teaching Assistant,
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
College of Arts & Sciences,
Department of Microbiology,
Life Sciences
Patents
Metal Binding Protein, Recombinant Cells and Methods,
Patent Number: 6750042,
2004,
Institution,
United States.
Metal Resistance Sequences and Transgenic Plants,
Patent Number: USSN 08/427097,
1997,
Institution-owned,
United States of America.
Funding Received
- Environmental Research Science Division: Identifying biomarkers and mechanisms of toxic metal stress with global proteomics, $1,800,000, 2007 to 2010.
- National Science Foundation (NSF): Mobilome Genomics: Large Plasmids of Diverse Prokaryotic Groups, $1,100,000, 2006 to 2009.
- User grant at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory: A Proteomic Dissection of the Hg(II) Toxicity Paradox, 2006 to 2007.
- Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics (APUA): High Throughput Molecular Genotyping of Environmental and Human Staphylococci Carrying Class 1 Integrons, $60,000, 2005 to 2006.
- NABIR Program: Integrating the Molecular Machines of Mercury Detoxification into Host Cell Biology, $570,000, 2005 to 2008.
- International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology: Does Amalgam Exposure Co-select for Antibiotic Multiresistance in Community Acquired Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA)?, $18,000, 2005 to 2006.
- United States Department of Energy (DOE): Can Multiple Dispacement Amplification (MDA) Enable High-Throughput Sequencing of Large, Low Copy Plasmids?, $22,301, 2003 to 2004.
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): High throughput multiplex molecular genotyping of multiresistant food-borne pathogens in animal agriculture, $71,929, 2003 to 2004.
- United States Department of Energy (DOE): Engineering MerR for Sequestration and MerA for Reduction of Toxic Metals and Radionuclides, $884,333, 2002 to 2005.
- United States Department of Energy (DOE): Structure/Function Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions and Role of Dynamic Motions in Mercuric Ion Reductase, $165,740, 2001 to 2004.
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): Following Resistant Salmonella thru the Food Chain: A Molecular Ecology Approach, $917,812, 2000 to 2004.
- Procter & Gamble Company: Rapid Molecular Profiling of the Commensal Microbiota, $150,000, 2000 to 2003.
- Alcoa Foundation: Microbial Hg Cycle, $10,000, 1997 to 1999.
- United States Department of Energy (DOE): Optimizing a Metalloregulator for Metallosensing and Metallosequestration, $839,470, 1997 to 2001.
- Wallace Research Foundation: Impact of Amalgam on Bowel Flora Composition, $247,694, 1996 to 2000.
- National Science Foundation (NSF): Research Training Group in Microbial Diversity, $2,100,000, 1994 to 1999.
- International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology: The Effect of Dental Amalgam Mercury on the Normal Flora of Monkeys and Humans, $21,000, 1993 to 1995.
- United States Department of Energy (DOE): Microbial Oxidation and Demethylation in the Environmental Mercury Cycle, $419,225, 1993 to 1996.
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Microbial Mediation of Hg(0)/Hg(II) Cycling in Soil and Water, $394,424, 1993 to 1996.
- National Institutes of Health (NIH): Amalgam-induced Changes in Antibiotic Resistant Flora, $72,850, 1993 to 1995.
- National Science Foundation (NSF): Structure and Regulation of the mer Operon, $170,000, 1993 to 1995.
- National Institutes of Health (NIH): Hg Metabolizing Bacteria in Subjects with Dental Amalgams, $21,975, 1990 to 1991.
- United States Department of Energy (DOE): Incidence of Metal Resistance in Deep Sub-surface Bacterial Communities, $52,305, 1990 to 1992.
- National Science Foundation (NSF): Cloning the Glutathione Reductase Gene of Yeast, $60,000, 1988 to 1990.
- National Institutes of Health (NIH): Structure and Regulation of the mer Operon, $1,565,867, 1987 to 1998.
- John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation: Analysis of Second-site, Non-complementing Suppressors of Actin Mutants in Yeast, $23,000, 1986 to 1987.
- National Science Foundation (NSF): Biodegradation of Mercurial Antiseptics and Pesticides, $15,000, 1985 to 1986.
- National Science Foundation (NSF): Molecular Genetics of Microbial Sulfur Biotransformations, $243,405, 1985 to 1987.
- Chevron Research Company: Construction of Derivative of Thiobacillus with Enhanced Ability to Leach Ores which Contain Silver, $25,000, 1982 to 1983.
- University Genetics, Inc: Construction of Cloning Vehicles Employing Plasmid-Determined Metal Ion Resistances, $109,822, 1982 to 1983.
- National Science Foundation (NSF): Genetic Engineering in Thiobacillus, $410,000, 1982 to 1988.
- National Institutes of Health (NIH): Biodegradation of Mercurial Antiseptics and Pesticides, $603,786, 1982 to 1988.
- National Institutes of Health (NIH): Research Career Development Award, $150,000, 1980 to 1985.
- NSF: Plasmid-Determined Heavy Metal Resistance in Bacteria, $60,000, 1977 to 1980.
- NIH: Effect of Hg Resistant Mouse Gut Flora on Hg Toxicity, $106,747, 1977 to 1981.
Publications
- Song, L., Teng, Q., Phillips, R.S., Brewer, J.M., Summers, A. O. (2007) 19F-NMR reveals metal- and operator-induced allostery in MerR, Journal of Molecular Biology, 371 (1), 79-92
- Williams, L. E., Detter, C., Barry, K., Lapidus, A., Summers, A. O. (2006) Facile recovery of individual high-molecular-weight, low-copy-number natural plasmids for genomic sequencing, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72 (7), 4899-4906
- Wireman, J., Lowe, M.L., Spiro, A., Sornborger, A., Summers, A.O. (2006) Quantitative, longitudinal profiling of primate fecal microbiota reveals idiosyncratic, dynamic communities, Environmental Microbiology, 8 (3), 490-503
- Qin, J., Song, L., Brim, H., Daly, M., Summers, A.O. (2006) Hg Sequestration and Protection by the MerR Metal Binding Domain (MBD), Microbiology, 152, 709-719
- Summers, A.O. (2006) Genetic linkage and horizontal gene transfer, the roots of the antibiotic multi-resistance problem, Animal Biotechnology, London, Taylor & Francis, LLC, 17:125-135 pages, ISBN=1094-5398 (bookchapter)
- Frost, L.S., Leplae, R., Summers, A.O., Toussaint, A. (2005) Mobile genetic elements: The agents of open source evolution, Nature Reviews Microbiology, 3, 722-732
- Lowe, M., Spiro, A., Summers, A.O., Wireman, J. (2005) Multiplexed identification and quantification of analyte DNAs in environmental samples using microspheres and flow cytometry, Environmental Microbiology:Methods and Protocols, Totowa, NJ, Humana (bookchapter)
- Ledwidge, R., Patel, B., Dong, A., Fiedler, D., Falkowski, M., Zelikova, J., Summers, A.O., Pai, E.F., Soichet, B.K., Miller, S.M. (2005) NmerA, the metal binding domain of mercuric ion reductase removes Hg(II) from proteins, delivers it to the catalytic core and protects cells under glutathione-depleted conditions., Biochemistry, 44, 11402-11406
- Summers, A.O. (2005) Metal resistance loci of bacterial plasmids, Frontiers in Antimicrobial Resistance: A Tribute to Stuart B. Levy, Washington, DC, ASM Press (bookchapter)
- Nandi, S., Maurer, J., Hofacre, C., Summers, A., Gram Positive Bacteria Are a Major Reservoir of Integrons in Poultry Litter, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 7118-7122, 2004
- DiLello, P., Benison, G.C., Valafar, H., Pitts, K.E., Summers, A.O., Legault, P., Omichinski, J.G., NMR Structural Studies Reveal a Novel Protein Fold for MerB, the Organomercurial Lyase Involved in the Bacterial Mercury Resistance System, Biochemistry, 43, 8322-8332, 2004
- Song, L., Caguiat, J.J., Li , Z., Shokes, J., Scott, R.A., Olliff, L., Summers A.O., Engineered Single Chain, Antiparallel Coiled Coil Mimics MerR Metal Binding Site, J Bacteriol, 186, 1861-1868, 2004
- Barkay, T, Miller, S.M, Summers, A.O., Bacterial Mercury Resistance From Atoms to Ecosystems, FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 27, 355-384, June 2003
- Pitts KE, Summers AO, The roles of thiols in the bacterial organomercurial lyase (MerB), Biochemistry, 41(32), 10287-96, Aug 2002
- Summers, A.O., Generally overlooked fundamentals of bacterial genetics and ecology, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 34, S85-92, May 2002
- Goldstein C, Lee MD, Sanchez S, Hudson C, Phillips B, Register B, Grady M, Liebert C, Summers AO, White DG, Maurer JJ, Incidence of class 1 and 2 integrases in clinical and commensal bacteria from livestock, companion animals, and exotics, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 45(3), 723-6, March 2001
- Lumppio HL, Shenvi NV, Summers AO, Voordouw G, Kurtz DM, Rubrerythrin and rubredoxin oxidoreductase in Desulfovibrio vulgaris: a novel oxidative stress protection system, Journal of Bacteriology, 183(1), 101-8, Jan 2001
- Liebert CA, Watson AL, Summers AO, The quality of merC, a module of the mer mosaic, Journal of Molecular Evolution, 51(6), 607-22, December 2000
- Bass L, Liebert CA, Lee MD, Summers AO, White DG, Thayer SG, Maurer JJ, Incidence and characterization of integrons, genetic elements mediating multiple-drug resistance, in avian Escherichia coli., Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 43(12), 2925-9, December 1999
- Liebert CA, Hall RM, Summers AO, Transposon Tn21, flagship of the floating genome., Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 63(3), 507-22, 1999
- Bizily SP, Rugh CL, Summers AO, Meagher RB, Phytoremediation of methylmercury pollution: merB expression in Arabidopsis thaliana confers resistance to organomercurials., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 96(12), 6808-13, 8 Jun 1999
- Caguiat JJ, Watson AL, Summers AO, Cd\(II\)-responsive and constitutive mutants implicate a novel domain in MerR., Journal of Bacteriology, 181(11), 3462-71, June 1999
- Kulkarni RD, Summers AO, MerR cross-links to the alpha, beta, and sigma 70 subunits of RNA polymerase in the preinitiation complex at the merTPCAD promoter., Biochemistry, 38(11), 3362-8, 16 Mar 1999
- Zeng Q, Stalhandske C, Anderson MC, Scott RA, Summers AO (Nov 1998) The core metal-recognition domain of MerR., Biochemistry, 37 (45), 15885-95
- Smith T, Pitts K, McGarvey J A, Summers A O, Bacterial oxidation of mercury metal vapor, Hg(0)., Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(4), 1328-32, April 1998
- Wireman J, Liebert C A, Smith T, Summers A O, Association of mercury resistance with antibiotic resistance in the gram-negative fecal bacteria of primates., Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63(11), 4494-503, November 1997
- Zeng Q, Eidsness M K, Summers A O, Near-zero background cloning of PCR products., Biotechniques, 23(3), 412-4, 416, 418, September 1997
- Lumppio H L, Shenvi N V, Garg R P, Summers A O, Kurtz D M Jr, A rubrerythrin operon and nigerythrin gene in Desulfovibrio vulgaris (Hildenborough)., Journal of Bacteriology, 179(14), 4607-15, July 1997
- Zeng Q, Summers A O, A glutamate uptake regulatory protein (Grp) in Escherichia coli?, Molecular Microbiology, 24(1), 231-2, April 1997
- Liebert C A, Wireman J, Smith T, Summers A O, Phylogeny of mercury resistance (mer) operons of gram-negative bacteria isolated from the fecal flora of primates., Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 63(3), 1066-76, March 1997
- Caslake L F, Ashraf S I, Summers A O, Mutations in the alpha and sigma-70 subunits of RNA polymerase affect expression of the mer operon., Journal of Bacteriology, 179(5), 1787-95, March 1997
- Liebert C A, Wireman J, Smith T, Summers A O, The impact of mercury released from dental "silver" fillings on antibiotic resistances in the primate oral and intestinal bacterial flora., Metal Ions In Biological Systems, 34, 441-60, 1997
- Rugh C L, Wilde H D, Stack N M, Thompson D M, Summers A O, Meagher R B, Mercuric ion reduction and resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing a modified bacterial merA gene., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA), 93(8), 3182-7, 16 Apr 1996
- Lorscheider FL, Vimy MJ, Summers AO, Mercury exposure from 'silver' tooth fillings: emerging evidence questions
a traditional dental paradigm, The Faseb Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology., 9(7), 504-8, April 1995
- Lorscheider F L, Vimy M J, Summers A O, Zwiers H, The dental amalgam mercury controversy--inorganic mercury and the CNS; genetic linkage of mercury and antibiotic resistances in intestinal bacteria., Toxicology, 97(1-3), 19-22, 31 Mar 1995
- Hargrove J L, Hulsey M G, Summers A O, From genotype to phenotype: computer-based modeling of gene expression with STELLA II., Biotechniques, 15(6), 1096-101, December 1993
- Summers A O, Wireman J, Vimy M J, Lorscheider F L, Marshall B, Levy S B, Bennett S, Billard L, Mercury released from dental "silver" fillings provokes an increase in mercury- and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in oral and intestinal floras of primates [see comments], Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 37(4), 825-34, April 1993
- Lee I W, Livrelli V, Park S J, Totis P A, Summers A O, In vivo DNA-protein interactions at the divergent mercury resistance (mer) promoters. II. Repressor/activator (MerR)-RNA polymerase interaction with merOP mutants., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268(4), 2632-9, 5 Feb 1993
- Livrelli V, Lee I W, Summers A O, In vivo DNA-protein interactions at the divergent mercury resistance (mer) promoters. I. Metalloregulatory protein MerR mutants., Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268(4), 2623-31, 5 Feb 1993
- Condee C W, Summers A O, A mer-lux transcriptional fusion for real-time examination of in vivo gene expression kinetics and promoter response to altered superhelicity., Journal of Bacteriology, 174(24), 8094-101, December 1992
- Gambill B D, Summers A O, Synthesis and degradation of the mRNA of the Tn21 mer operon., Journal of Molecular Biology, 225(2), 251-9, 20 May 1992
- Summers A O, Untwist and shout: a heavy metal-responsive transcriptional regulator., Journal of Bacteriology, 174(10), 3097-101, May 1992
- Park S J, Wireman J, Summers A O, Genetic analysis of the Tn21 mer operator-promoter., Journal of Bacteriology, 174(7), 2160-71, April 1992
- Summers, A.O. (1992) The hard stuff - metals in bioremediation, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 3, 271-276
- Hamlett, N.V, Landale, E.C., Summers, A.O. (1992) Roles of the Tn21 merT, merP, and merC gene products in mercury resistance and mercury uptake, Journal of Bacteriology, 174, 6377-6385
- Heltzel A, Lee I W, Totis P A, Summers A O, Activator-dependent preinduction binding of sigma-70 RNA polymerase at the metal-regulated mer promoter., Biochemistry, 29(41), 9572-84, 16 Oct 1990
- Ross W, Park SJ, Summers AO (Jul 1989) Genetic analysis of transcriptional activation and repression in the Tn21
mer operon., Journal of Bacteriology, 171 (7), 4009-18
- Lee I W, Gambill B D, Summers A O, Translation of merD in Tn21., Journal of Bacteriology, 171(4), 2222-5, April 1989
- Lee IW, Gambill BD, Summers AO (Apr 1989) Translation of merD in Tn21., Journal of Bacteriology, 171 (4), 2222-5
- Shewchuk LM, Helmann JD, Ross W, Park SJ, Summers AO, Walsh CT (Mar 1989) Transcriptional switching by the MerR protein: activation and repression
mutants implicate distinct DNA and mercury(II) binding
domains., Biochemistry, 28 (5), 2340-4
- Gilbert MP, Summers AO (Sep 1988) The distribution and divergence of DNA sequences related to the Tn21 and
Tn501 mer operons., Plasmid, 20 (2), 127-36
- Summers AO (1988) Biotransformations of mercury compounds., Basic Life Sciences, 45, 105-9
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