Tuofu Zhu

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University of Washington
School of Medicine
Laboratory Medicine
Associate Professor
Professional Headshot of Tuofu Zhu

Mailing Address

Department of Laboratory Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Box 358070
1959 NE Pacific St.
Seattle, Washington 98195-8070
United States

Contact Information

Phone: (206) 732-6079
Fax: (206) 732-6109
tzhu@u.washington.edu

Qualifications

M.D., Medicine.

Expertise and Research Interests

We are currently focusing on the pathogenesis of HIV infection with particular emphasis on the mechanisms for controlling HIV-1 and SIV at low levels in vivo. Considerable effort is devoted to identifying defected or attenuated HIV strains and human genes that may be associated with the protection and/or control of HIV-1 infection at low levels. Our lab is also involved in studies to define the events of transmission, and protection against SIV infection using the SIV/macaque model. There is also intense interest in defining the role of CD14+ monocytes in HIV-1 transmission, and during the course of infection. As a long term goal, we will use the information that will be generated through above studies on viral and host factor(s) for controlling HIV infection to develop new therapeutic strategies and HIV-1 vaccine or strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy. The current research projects are listed below.

Protection Against and Control of HIV-1 Infection in Exposed Seronegative Individuals
Minimal Levels of HIV-1 Infection in Vaccinated and Exposed Individuals
Human Genes and Related Polymorphysims that Affect HIV Infection and Disease Progression
Control of SIV infection at Extremely Low Levels in vivo
Role of Blood Monocytes and Tissue Macrophages in HIV infection

To view a report of the projects and relevant publications, please go to http://www.fhcrc.org/science/clinical/id/people/zhu.htm

Keywords

COS Keywords:

Genetics, HIV, Laboratory Practice or Procedure, Microbiology, Pathogenesis, Vaccine, Virology.

Additional Terms:

HIV-1 Pathogenesis, Host Genetics, Therapy, Vaccine.

Funding Received

  • National Institutes of Health (NIH) CFAR: DC-SIGN/R Polymorphisms and HIV-1 Infection in China, 2005 to 2007.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Minimal Levels of HIV-1 Infection in Vaccinated and Exposed Individuals, 2003 to 2008.
  • UW Royalty Research Fund: Characterization of HIV-1 in Vaccinated Persons with Low Levels of Infection, 2003 to 2004.
  • CFAR Clinical Research Pilot Project: Effect of CD28 Genetic Polymorphisms on HIV-1 Infection, 2003 to 2003.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Effect of DC-SIGNR Polymorphisms on HIV-1 Infection, 2003 to 2005.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Seattle Primary Infection Program: Immunology and Virology of Acute HIV Infection, 2003 to 2008.
  • NIAID: Effect of DC-SIGNR Polymorphismson HIV-1 Infection, 2003 to 2005.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Role of CD14+ Monocytes in HIV Infection, 2001 to 2007.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): HIV Cellular Immunity in Exposed Seronegatives, 2001 to 2011.
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH): Suppressing HIV infection in Exposed Seronegative Individuals, 1999 to 2004.

Publications

  • H. Horton, C. Havenar-Daughton, D. Lee, E. Moore, J. Cao, J. McNevin, T. Andrus, H. Zhu, A. Rubin, B. S. Graham, T. Zhu, C. Celum & M. J. McElrath. (2006) Induction of HIV-1-Specific T Cell Responses in HIV Vaccine Trial Participants Who Subsequently Acquire HIV-1 Infection., Journal of Virology, In Press
  • H. Wang, Y. Hu, X. Dong, C. Wang, L. Li, L. Yan, P. Zhou, X. Tong, L. Shi, X. Xiao, B. Zhou & T. Zhu (2006) Analysis of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR genetic polymorphism among Chinese Han Population., Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics, In Press
  • B. Burke, N. Derby, Z. Kraft, C. Saunders, C. Dai, N. Llwellyn, I. Zharkikh, L. Vojtech, T. Zhu, I. Srivastava, S. W. Barnett & L. Stamatatos. (2006) Viral evolution in macaques co-infected with CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic SHIVs in the presence or absence of vaccine-elicited anti-CCR5 SHIV neutralizing antibodies., Virology, In Press
  • N. Llewellyn, R. Zioni, H. Zhu, T. Andrus, Y. Xu, L.Correy & T. Zhu (2006) Continued Evolution of HIV-1 Circulating in Blood Monocytes with Antiretroviral Therapy: Genetic Analysis of HIV-1 in Monocytes and CD4+ T Cells of Patients with Discontinued Therapy., Journal of Leukocyte Biology, In Press
  • Gramberg T, Zhu T, Chaipan C, Marzi A, Liu H, Wegele A, Andrus T, Hofmann H, Pohlmann S. (2006) Impact of Polymorphisms in the DC-SIGNR neck domain on the interaction with pathogens, Virology, 347, 354
  • Liu H, Carrington M, Wang C, Holte S, Lee J, Greene B, Hladik F, Koelle DM, Wald A, Kurosawa K, Rinaldo CR, Celum C, Detels R, Corey L, McElrath MJ, Zhu T. (2006) Effects of Genetic Polymorphisms in the DC-SIGNR Repeat Region on HIV-1 Susceptibility, Journal of Infectious Diseases, 193 (5), 698-702
  • Zhu TF, Feng TJ, Xiao X, Wang H, Zhou BP. (2005) Global Human Genetics of HIV-1 Infection and China, Cell Research, 15:, 833-842
  • Hladik F, Liu H, Speelmon E, Livingston-Rosanoff D, Wilson S, Sakchalathorn P, Hwangbo Y, Greene B, Zhu T, McElrath MJ (Sep 2005) Combined effect of CCR5-Delta32 heterozygosity and the CCR5 promoter polymorphism -2459 A/G on CCR5 expression and resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission, Journal of Virology, 79 (18), 11677-84
  • Liu H, Hladik F, Andrus T, Sakchalathorn P, Lentz GM, Fialkow MF, Corey L, McElrath MJ, Zhu T (Jun 2005) Most DC-SIGNR transcripts at mucosal HIV transmission sites are alternatively spliced isoforms., European Journal of Human Genetics : Ejhg, 13 (6), 707-15 Abstract
  • Tuofu Zhu (2005) Human Retrovirus Protocols, 1st Edition, Virology and Molecular Biology, NJ, USA, Humana Press, 512 pages, ISBN=1-58829-495-1
  • Liu H, Zhu T (2005) Determination of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR repeat region variations., Methods in Molecular Biology (clifton, N.j.), 304, 471-81 Abstract
  • T. Zhu, T. Feng, P. Lin, N. He (2005) High Risk Populations and HIV-1 Infection in China, Cell Research, 15:, 852-857
  • Liu H, Hwangbo Y, Holte S, Lee J, Wang C, Kaupp N, Zhu H, Celum C, Corey L, McElrath MJ, Zhu T (Sep 2004) Analysis of genetic polymorphisms in CCR5, CCR2, stromal cell-derived factor-1, RANTES, and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin in seronegative individuals repeatedly exposed to HIV-1, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 190 (6), 1055-8
  • Liu H, Hwangbo Y, Holte S, Lee J, Wang C, Kaupp N, Zhu H, Celum C, Corey L, McElrath MJ, Zhu T (Sep 2004) Analysis of genetic polymorphisms in CCR5, CCR2, stromal cell-derived factor-1, RANTES, and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin in seronegative individuals repeatedly exposed to HIV-1, The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 190 (6), 1055-8
  • Fulcher JA, Hwangbo Y, Zioni R, Nickle D, Lin X, Heath L, Mullins JI, Corey L, Zhu T (Aug 2004) Compartmentalization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 between blood monocytes and CD4+ T cells during infection, Journal of Virology, 78 (15), 7883-93
  • Zhu T, Hu SL, Feng F, Polacino P, Liu H, Hwangbo Y, Learn GH, Mullins JI, Corey L (Jun 2004) Persistence of low levels of simian immunodeficiency virus in macaques that were transiently viremic by conventional testing, Virology, 323 (2), 208-19
  • Crowe S, Zhu T, Muller WA (Nov 2003) The contribution of monocyte infection and trafficking to viral persistence, and maintenance of the viral reservoir in HIV infection, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 74 (5), 635-41
  • Zhu T, Corey L, Hwangbo Y, Lee JM, Learn GH, Mullins JI, McElrath MJ, Persistence of extraordinarily low levels of genetically homogeneous human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in exposed seronegative individuals, Journal of Virology, 77(11), 6108-16, June 2003 Abstract
  • Malhotra U, Holte S, Zhu T, Delpit E, Huntsberry C, Sette A, Shankarappa R, Maenza J, Corey L, McElrath MJ (Feb 2003) Early induction and maintenance of Env-specific T-helper cells following human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, Journal of Virology, 77 (4), 2663-74
  • Learn GH, Muthui D, Brodie SJ, Zhu T, Diem K, Mullins JI, Corey L, Virus Population Homogenization following Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection, Journal of Virology, 76(23), 11953-9, December 2002 Abstract
  • Zhu T (Sep 2002) HIV-1 in peripheral blood monocytes: an underrated viral source, The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 50 (3), 309-11
  • Zhu T, Muthui D, Holte S, Nickle D, Feng F, Brodie S, Hwangbo Y, Mullins JI, Corey L, Evidence for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in vivo in CD14(+) monocytes and its potential role as a source of virus in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy, Journal of Virology, 76(2), 707-16, January 2002 Abstract
  • Bures R, Gaitan A, Zhu T, Graziosi C, McGrath KM, Tartaglia J, Caudrelier P, El Habib R, Klein M, Lazzarin A, Stablein DM, Deers M, Corey L, Greenberg ML, Schwartz DH, Montefiori DC, Immunization with recombinant canarypox vectors expressing membrane-anchored glycoprotein 120 followed by glycoprotein 160 boosting fails to generate antibodies that neutralize R5 primary isolates of, Aids Research and Human Retroviruses, 16(18), 2019-35, 2000 Abstract
  • Zhu T, HIV-1 genotypes in peripheral blood monocytes, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 68(3), 338-44, September 2000 Abstract
  • Zhu T, Korber BT, Nahmias AJ, Hooper E, Sharp PM, Ho DD, An African HIV-1 sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic, Nature, 391(6667), 594-7, 1998 Abstract
  • Zhu T, Wang N, Carr A, Nam DS, Moor-Jankowski R, Cooper DA, Ho DD (May 1996) Genetic characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in blood and genital secretions: evidence for viral compartmentalization and selection during sexual transmission, Journal of Virology, 70 (5), 3098-107
  • Zhu T, Ho DD, Was HIV present in 1959?, Nature, 374(6522), 503-4, 1995 Abstract
  • Wang N, Zhu T, Ho DD (Apr 1995) Sequence diversity of V1 and V2 domains of gp120 from human immunodeficiency virus type 1: lack of correlation with viral phenotype, Journal of Virology, 69 (4), 2708-15
  • Zhu T, Wang N, Carr A, Wolinsky S, Ho DD, Evidence for coinfection by multiple strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype B in an acute seroconvertor, Journal of Virology, 69(2), 1324-7, February 1995 Abstract
  • Safrit JT, Andrews CA, Zhu T, Ho DD, Koup RA (Feb 1994) Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones isolated during acute seroconversion: recognition of autologous virus sequences within a conserved immunodominant epitope, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, 179 (2), 463-72
  • Zhu T, Mo H, Wang N, Nam DS, Cao Y, Koup RA, Ho DD, Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 patients with primary infection, Science, 261(5125), 1179-81, 1993 Abstract
  • Ho DD, Cao Y, Zhu T, Farthing C, Wang N, Gu G, Schooley RT, Daar ES, Idiopathic CD4 T-lymphocytopenia--immunodeficiency without evidence of HIV infection, New England Journal of Medicine, 328(6), 380-5, 1993 Abstract

Profile Details

Last Updated: 8/1/2006

COS Expertise ID #424501
Reference this profile directly: http://myprofile.cos.com/tzhu